BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
||||||||||
|
December 31, |
|||||||||
|
1999 |
|
1998 |
|
||||||
ASSETS |
|
|
|
|
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents ............................................. |
$3,835 |
|
$13,582 |
|
||||||
Investments: |
|
|
|
|
||||||
Securities with fixed maturities ................................ |
30,222 |
|
21,246 |
|
||||||
Equity securities and other investments ........................ |
39,508 |
|
39,761 |
|
||||||
Receivables ................................................................. |
8,558 |
|
7,224 |
|
||||||
Inventories .................................................................. |
844 |
767 |
||||||||
Assets of finance and financial products businesses ...... |
|
16,989 |
||||||||
Property, plant and equipment .......................................... |
1,903 |
1,509 |
||||||||
Goodwill of acquired businesses ............................. |
18,281 |
18,570 |
||||||||
Other assets ..................................................... |
4,036 |
2,589 |
||||||||
|
$131,416 |
|
$122,237 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |
|
|
|
|||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses ................................. |
$26,802 |
|
$23,012 |
|
||||||
Unearned premiums ..................................................... |
3,718 |
|
3,324 |
|
||||||
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities ................... |
7,458 |
|
7,182 |
|
||||||
Income taxes, principally deferred ....................................... |
9,566 |
|
11,762 |
|
||||||
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt ...... |
2,465 |
|
2,385 |
|
||||||
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses ......... |
22,223 |
|
15,525 |
|
||||||
|
72,232 |
63,190 |
||||||||
Minority shareholders' interests............................................... |
1,423 |
|
1,644 |
|
||||||
Shareholders' equity: |
|
|
|
|||||||
Common Stock:* |
8 |
|
8 |
|
||||||
Capital in excess of par value....................................... |
25,209 |
|
25,121 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income .............................. |
17,223 |
|
18,510 |
|
||||||
Retained earnings ..................................... |
15,321 |
|
13,764 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
Total shareholders' equity............................ |
57,761 |
|
57,403 |
|
||||||
|
$131,416 |
|
$122,237 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
* |
Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,520,562 shares outstanding at December 31, 1999 versus 1,518,548 outstanding at December 31, 1998. |
|
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
|||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
|
1999 |
1998 |
|
1997 |
|
||||
Revenues: |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Insurance premiums earned ................ |
$14,306 |
$5,481 |
|
$4,761 |
|
||||
Sales and service revenues .............. |
5,918 |
4,675 |
|
3,615 |
|
||||
Interest, dividend and other investment income |
2,314 |
1,049 |
|
916 |
|
||||
Income from finance and financial products |
125 |
212 |
|
32 |
|
||||
Realized investment gain ............................ |
1,365 |
2,415 |
|
1,106 |
|
||||
|
24,028 |
13,832 |
|
10,430 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
Cost and expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses |
12,518 |
4,040 |
|
3,420 |
|
||||
Insurance underwriting expenses........... |
3,220 |
1,184 |
|
880 |
|
||||
Cost of products and services sold ................ |
4,065 |
3,018 |
|
2,187 |
|
||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses . |
1,164 |
1,056 |
|
921 |
|
||||
Goodwill amortization ............................. |
477 |
111 |
|
83 |
|
||||
Interest expense ........................ |
134 |
109 |
|
112 |
|
||||
|
21,578 |
9,518 |
|
7,603 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest |
2,450 |
4,314 |
|
2,827 |
|
||||
Income taxes ........................ |
852 |
1,457 |
|
898 |
|
||||
Minority interest ........................ |
41 |
27 |
|
28 |
|
||||
Net earnings |
$1,557 |
$2,830 |
|
$1,901 |
|
||||
Average common shares outstanding * ..... |
1,519,703 |
1,251,363 |
|
1,233,192 |
|
||||
Net earnings per common share * ................ |
$1,025 |
$2,262 |
|
$1,542 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||||
* |
Average shares outstanding include average Class A Common shares and average Class B Common shares determined on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis. Net earnings per common share shown above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A Common share. Net earnings per Class B Common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount or $34 per share for 1999, $75 per share for 1998, and $51 per share for 1997. |
|
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
|||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|||||||||
Net earnings .............................................. |
$1,557 |
$2,830 |
$1,901 |
||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to cash flows |
|||||||||
from operating activities: |
|||||||||
Realized investment gain ................................................ |
(1,365) |
(2,415) |
(1,106) |
||||||
Depreciation and amortization .............................. |
688 |
265 |
227 |
||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities before effects from |
|||||||||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses .......................... |
3,790 |
347 |
576 |
||||||
Deferred charges - reinsurance assumed ..................... |
(958) |
(80) |
(142) |
||||||
Unearned premiums ................. |
394 |
179 |
90 |
||||||
Receivables ................ |
(834) |
(56) |
(120) |
||||||
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities ........ |
(5) |
4 |
547 |
||||||
Income taxes ...................... |
(1,395) |
(329) |
383 |
||||||
Other .................................... |
328 |
(88) |
(21) |
||||||
Net cash flows from operating activities .......................... |
2,200 |
657 |
2,335 |
||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|||||||||
Purchases of securities with fixed maturities .................. |
(18,380) |
(2,697) |
(6,837) |
||||||
Purchases of equity securities and other investments .. |
(3,664) |
(1,865) |
(714) |
||||||
Proceeds from sales of securities with fixed maturities .. |
4,509 |
6,339 |
3,397 |
||||||
Proceeds from redemptions and maturities of securities |
2,833 |
2,132 |
779 |
||||||
Proceeds from sales of equity securities and other |
4,355 |
4,868 |
2,016 |
||||||
Loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
(2,526) |
(1,028) |
(491) |
||||||
Principal collection on loans and investments originated in |
845 |
295 |
276 |
||||||
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired .......... |
(153) |
4,971 |
(775) |
||||||
Other .................................. |
( 417) |
(302) |
(182) |
||||||
Net cash flows from investing activities .................. |
(12,598) |
12,713 |
(2,531) |
||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|||||||||
Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses ......... |
714 |
120 |
157 |
||||||
Proceeds from other borrowings ...................................... |
1,846 |
1,339 |
1,074 |
||||||
Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses ........ |
(335) |
(83) |
(214) |
||||||
Repayments of other borrowings .................................... |
(1,721) |
(1,318) |
(1,112) |
||||||
Other .................................................................................... |
( 137) |
3 |
(1) |
||||||
Net cash flows from financing activities............ |
367 |
61 |
(96) |
||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(10,031) |
13,431 |
(292) |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year............ |
14,489 |
1,058 |
1,350 |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year * ................... |
$4,458 |
$14,489 |
$1,058 |
||||||
* Cash and cash equivalents at end of year are comprised of the following: |
|||||||||
Finance and financial products businesses .......... |
$623 |
$907 |
$56 |
||||||
Other ............................................................................. |
3,835 |
13,582 | 1,002 | ||||||
$4,458 |
$14,489 |
$1,058 |
|||||||
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
|||||||||||
|
Class A & B Common Stock |
Capital in Excess of Par Value |
Class A Treasury Stock |
Retained Earnings |
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Comprehensive Income |
|||||
|
|||||||||||
Balance December 31, 1996 |
$ 7 |
$ 2,274 |
$ (31) |
$ 9,033 |
$ 12,144 |
||||||
Common stock issued in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
--- |
73 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
||||||
Net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,901 |
--- |
$ 1,901 |
|||||
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||||||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
10,574 |
10,574 |
|||||
Reclassification adjustment for appreciation included in net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(1,106) |
(1,106) |
|||||
Income taxes and minority interests |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(3,414) |
(3,414) |
|||||
Other comprehensive income |
6054 |
||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
$ 7,955 |
|||||
Balance December 31, 1997 |
$ 7 |
$ 2,347 |
$ (31) |
$ 10,934 |
$ 18,198 |
||||||
|
|||||||||||
Common stock issued in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
1 |
22,803 |
2 |
--- |
--- |
||||||
Retirement of treasury stock |
--- |
(29) |
29 |
--- |
--- |
||||||
Net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
2,830 |
--- |
$ 2,830 | |||||
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||||||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
3,011 |
3,011 |
|||||
Reclassification adjustment for appreciation included in net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(2,415) |
(2,415) |
|||||
Income taxes and minority interests |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(284) |
(284) |
|||||
Other comprehensive income |
312 |
||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
$ 3,142 |
|||||
Balance December 31, 1998 |
$ 8 |
$ 25,121 |
$ --- |
$ 13,764 |
$ 18,510 |
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||
Net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
1,557 |
--- |
$ 1,557 |
|||||
Exercise of stock options issued in connection with business acquisitions |
--- |
88 |
--- |
--- |
--- |
||||||
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||||||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(795) |
(795) |
|||||
Reclassification adjustment for appreciation included in net earnings |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(1,365) |
(1,365) |
|||||
Foreign currency translation losses |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
(16) |
(16) |
|||||
Income taxes and minority interests |
--- |
--- |
--- |
--- |
889 |
889 |
|||||
Other comprehensive income |
(1,287) |
||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
______ |
$ 270 |
|||||
Balance December 31, 1999 |
$ 8 |
$ 25,209 |
$ --- |
$ 15,321 |
$ 17,223 |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC. |
||
(1) Significant accounting policies and practices |
||
|
(a) Nature of operations and basis of consolidation |
|
|
|
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire" or "Company") is a holding company owning subsidiaries engaged in a number of diverse business activities. The most important of these are property and casualty insurance businesses conducted on both a direct and reinsurance basis. Further information regarding these businesses and Berkshire's other reportable business segments is contained in Note 16. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Berkshire consolidated with accounts of all its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. As more fully described in Note 2, on December 21, 1998, Berkshire consummated a merger with General Re Corporation ("General Re"). The balance sheet of General Re is consolidated with the balance sheets of Berkshire and its other subsidiaries as of December 31, 1999 and 1998. General Re's results of operations are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the ten day period ended December 31, 1998 and the year ended December 31, 1999. |
|
|
|
|
|
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements. |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market accounts and in investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased. |
|
|
|
|
|
Berkshire's management determines the appropriate classifications of investments at the time of acquisition and re-evaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date. Investments may be classified as held for trading, held to maturity, or, when neither of those classifications is appropriate, as available-for-sale. Berkshire's investments in fixed maturity and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes and minority interest, reported as a separate component in shareholders' equity. Realized gains and losses, which arise when available-for-sale investments are sold (as determined on a specific identification basis) or other than temporarily impaired are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. |
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill of acquired businesses represents the difference between purchase cost and the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses and is being amortized on a straight line basis generally over forty years. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill of acquired businesses to insure it is appropriately valued. In the event that a condition is identified which may indicate an impairment issue exists, an assessment is performed using a variety of methodologies. |
|
|
|
|
|
Insurance premiums for prospective insurance and reinsurance policies are earned in proportion to the level of insurance protection provided. In most cases, premiums are recognized as revenues ratably over their terms with unearned premiums computed on a monthly or daily pro rata basis. Consideration received for retroactive reinsurance policies, including structured settlements, is recognized as premiums earned at the inception of the contracts. Premiums earned are stated net of amounts ceded to reinsurers. |
|
|
|
|
|
Certain costs of acquiring insurance premiums are deferred, subject to ultimate recoverability, and charged to income as the premiums are earned. The recoverability of premium acquisition costs of direct insurance businesses is determined without regard to investment income. The recoverability of premium acquisition costs from reinsurance assumed businesses, generally, reflects anticipation of investment income. The unamortized balances of deferred premium acquisition costs are included in other assets and were $791 million and $666 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. |
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses represent estimated claim and claim settlement costs of property/casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts. The liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses are recorded at the estimated ultimate payment amounts, except amounts arising from certain reinsurance assumed businesses are discounted. Estimated ultimate payment amounts are based upon (i) individual case estimates, (ii) estimates of incurred-but-not-reported losses, based upon past experience and (iii) reports of losses from ceding insurers. |
|
|
|
|
|
The excess of estimated liabilities for claims and claim costs over the consideration received with respect to retroactive property and casualty reinsurance contracts that provide for indemnification of insurance risk is established as a deferred charge at inception of such contracts. The deferred charges are subsequently amortized using the interest method over the expected settlement periods of the claim liabilities. The periodic amortization charges are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings as losses and loss adjustment expenses. The unamortized balance of deferred charges is included in other assets and was $1,518 million at December 31, 1999 and $560 million at December 31, 1998. |
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings after deducting amounts recovered and estimates of amounts that will be ultimately recoverable under reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the ceding company of its obligations to indemnify policyholders with respect to the underlying insurance and reinsurance contracts. Estimated losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable under reinsurance contracts are included in receivables and totaled $2,331 million and $2,167 million at December 31, 1999 and 1998, respectively. |
|
|
|
|
|
The accounts of several foreign-based subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Revenues and expenses of these businesses are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating the financial statements of foreign-based operations are included in shareholders' equity as a component of other comprehensive income. Gains and losses arising from other transactions denominated in a foreign currency are included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. |
|
|
|
|
|
During 1998 and 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") and the Accounting Standards Executive Committee ("AcSEC") issued the following new accounting standards that become effective after December 31, 1999: |
(2) Significant business acquisitions
During 1998, Berkshire consummated three significant business acquisitions -- International Dairy Queen, Inc. ("Dairy Queen"), effective January 7, 1998; Executive Jet, Inc. ("Executive Jet"), effective August 7, 1998; and General Re Corporation ("General Re"), effective December 21, 1998. Additional information regarding these acquisitions is provided below.
On January 7, 1998, the merger of Dairy Queen with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire was completed. Shareholders of Dairy Queen received merger consideration of approximately $590 million, consisting of $265 million in cash and the remainder in shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock. Dairy Queen develops, licenses and services a system of almost 6,000 Dairy Queen stores located throughout the United States, Canada, and other foreign countries, which feature hamburgers, hot dogs, various dairy desserts and beverages. Dairy Queen also develops, licenses and services other stores and shops operating under the names of Orange Julius and Karmelkorn, which feature blended fruit drinks, popcorn and other snacks.
On August 7, 1998, the merger of Executive Jet with and into a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire was completed. Total consideration paid by Berkshire was approximately $725 million, consisting of $350 million in cash and the remainder in shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock. Executive Jet is the world's leading provider of fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft. Executive Jet currently operates its NetJets® fractional ownership programs in the United States and Europe. In addition, Executive Jet is pursuing other international activities.
On December 21, 1998, the merger with General Re was completed. General Re shareholders received, at their election, either 0.0035 shares of Berkshire Class A Common Stock or 0.105 shares of Berkshire Class B Common Stock for each share of General Re common stock they owned. Berkshire issued approximately 272,200 Class A equivalent shares in exchange for the General Re shares outstanding as of December 21, 1998. The total consideration for the transaction, based upon the closing prices of Berkshire Class A Common Stock for the 10-day period ending June 26, 1998, (the merger agreement was entered into by the parties on June 19, 1998) was approximately $22 billion.
General Re is a holding company for global reinsurance and related risk management operations. It owns General Reinsurance Corporation, which together with its affiliates, comprise the largest professional property and casualty reinsurance group domiciled in the United States. General Re also owns a controlling interest in Kölnische Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG ("Cologne Re"), a major international reinsurer. Together, General Re and Cologne Re transact reinsurance business as "General & Cologne Re". General & Cologne Re operate in 28 countries and provide reinsurance coverage in 125 countries around the world.
In addition, General Re writes excess and surplus lines insurance through General Star Management Company, provides alternative risk solutions through Genesis Underwriting Management Company, provides reinsurance brokerage services through Herbert Clough, Inc., manages aviation insurance risks through United States Aviation Underwriters, Inc., and acts as a business development consultant and reinsurance intermediary through Ardent Risk Services, Inc. General Re also operates as a dealer in the swap and derivatives market through General Re Financial Products Corporation, and provides specialized investment services to the insurance industry through General Re-New England Asset Management, Inc.
Each of the business acquisitions described above was accounted for under the purchase method. The excess of the purchase cost of the business over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill of acquired businesses. The aggregate goodwill associated with the three acquisitions discussed above was $15.7 billion, including $14.7 billion associated with the General Re merger.
The results of operations for each of these entities are included in Berkshire's consolidated results of operations from the dates of each merger. The following unaudited table sets forth certain consolidated earnings data for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 as if the Dairy Queen, Executive Jet and General Re acquisitions had been consummated on the same terms at the beginning of 1997. Dollars in millions except per share amounts.
1998 |
1997 |
|
Insurance premiums earned .................................................... |
$11,395 |
$11,369 |
Sales and service revenues ..................................................... |
5,267 |
4,719 |
Total revenues ....................................................................... |
24,174 |
19,422 |
Net earnings .......................................................................... |
4,764 |
2,438 |
Earnings per equivalent Class A Common Share ..................... |
3,137 |
1,607 |
(3) Investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
On October 24, 1999, Berkshire entered into an agreement along with Walter Scott, Jr. and David L. Sokol, to acquire MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company ("MidAmerican"). Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Berkshire expects to invest approximately $1.24 billion in common stock and a non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock of a newly formed entity which will merge with and into MidAmerican, with MidAmerican continuing as the surviving corporation. Such investment will give Berkshire about a 9.7% voting interest and a 76% economic interest in MidAmerican on a fully-diluted basis. Mr. Scott, a member of Berkshire's Board of Directors, will control approximately 86% of the voting interest in MidAmerican. Mr. Sokol is the current CEO of MidAmerican. Berkshire will also acquire approximately $455 million of an 11% non-transferable trust preferred security. Under certain conditions, for a period of up to seven years subsequent to the transaction, Berkshire may be required to purchase up to $345 million of additional trust preferred securities. The merger and related investments by Berkshire and the other investors are subject to terms and conditions including approval by shareholders of MidAmerican and certain regulatory approvals. On January 27, 2000, the transaction was approved by the shareholders of MidAmerican. All regulatory approvals are expected to be received prior to March 31, 2000. It is currently anticipated that the transaction will close by March 31, 2000.
Through its retail utility subsidiaries, MidAmerican Energy in the U.S. and Northern Electric in the U.K., MidAmerican provides electric service to 2.2 million customers and natural gas service to 1.2 million customers worldwide. MidAmerican manages and owns interests in approximately 8,300 net megawatts of diversified power generation facilities in operation, construction and development.
(4) Investments in securities with fixed maturities
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments in securities with fixed maturities as of December 31, 1999 and 1998 are as follows (in millions):
|
Gross |
Gross |
Estimated |
|
|
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Unrealized |
Fair |
|
Cost (2) |
Gains |
Losses |
Value |
December 31, 1999(1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of |
$ 4,001 |
$ 3 |
$ (189) |
$ 3,815 |
Obligations of states, municipalities |
|
|
|
|
Obligations of foreign governments ....... |
2,208 |
6 |
(49) |
2,165 |
Corporate bonds ................................. |
5,901 |
21 |
(237) |
5,685 |
Redeemable preferred stocks ................ |
133 |
1 |
(5) |
129 |
Mortgage-backed securities .................. |
10,157 |
7 |
(342) |
9,822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized |
Unrealized |
Unrealized |
Fair |
|
Cost (2) |
Gains |
Losses |
Value |
December 31, 1998 (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of |
$ 2,518 |
$ 10 |
-- |
$ 2,528 |
Obligations of states, municipalities |
|
|
|
|
Obligations of foreign governments ....... |
2,864 |
-- |
-- |
2,864 |
Corporate bonds ................................. |
4,609 |
-- |
-- |
4,609 |
Redeemable preferred stocks ................ |
359 |
3 |
(7) |
355 |
Mortgage-backed securities .................. |
1,235 |
8 |
-- |
1,243 |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) Amounts above exclude securities with fixed maturities held by finance and financial products businesses. See Note 7.(2) In connection with the acquisition of General Re on December 21, 1998, fixed maturity securities with a then fair value of $17.6 billion were acquired. Such amount which was approximately $1.2 billion in excess of General Re's historical amortized cost. The writeup of $1.2 billion was included as a component of the amortized cost at December 31, 1998. Of this amount, approximately $900 million remains unamortized and is included as a component of amortized cost as of December 31, 1999. |
Shown below are the amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities with fixed maturities at December 31, 1999, by contractual maturity dates. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers of certain of the securities retain early call or prepayment rights. Amounts are in millions.
|
Estimated |
|
|
Amortized |
Fair |
|
Cost |
Value |
Due in one year or less ............................................................... |
$ 1,975 |
$ 1,965 |
Due after one year through five years .......................................... |
5,443 |
5,339 |
Due after five years through ten years .......................................... |
5,335 |
5,126 |
Due after ten years ..................................................................... |
8,519 |
7,970 |
|
21,272 |
20,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5) Investments in equity securities and other investments
Data with respect to the consolidated investment in equity securities and other investments are shown below. Amounts are in millions.
December 31, 1999 |
|
Unrealized |
|
Fair |
|
Cost |
Gains |
|
Value |
Common stock of: |
|
|
|
|
American Express Company * ............................ |
$ 1,470 |
$ 6,932 |
|
$ 8,402 |
The Coca-Cola Company ................................... |
1,299 |
10,351 |
|
11,650 |
The Gillette Company .......................................... |
600 |
3,354 |
|
3,954 |
Other equity securities .......................................... |
6,305 |
7,461 |
|
13,766 |
Other investments ................................................ |
1,651 |
85 |
|
1,736 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost |
Gains |
|
Value |
Common stock of: |
|
|
|
|
American Express Company * ............................ |
$ 1,470 |
$ 3,710 |
|
$ 5,180 |
The Coca-Cola Company ................................... |
1,299 |
12,101 |
|
13,400 |
The Gillette Company .......................................... |
600 |
3,990 |
|
4,590 |
Other equity securities .......................................... |
5,889 |
9,062 |
|
14,951 |
Other investments ................................................ |
1,639 |
1 |
|
1,640 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6)Realized investment gains (losses)
Realized gains (losses) from sales and redemptions of investments are summarized below (in millions):
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|
Equity securities and other investments -- |
|
|
|
Gross realized gains ............................................................ |
$1,507 |
$2,087 |
$ 739 |
Gross realized losses .......................................................... |
(77) |
(272) |
(23) |
Securities with fixed maturities -- |
|
|
|
Gross realized gains ............................................................ |
39 |
602 |
396 |
Gross realized losses .......................................................... |
(104) |
(2) |
(6) |
|
|
|
|
(7) Finance and financial products businesses
Assets and liabilities of Berkshire's finance and financial products businesses are summarized below (in millions).
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Assets |
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents ................................................................ |
$ 623 |
$ 907 |
Investments in securities with fixed maturities: |
|
|
Held to maturity, at cost (fair value $2,223 in 1999; $1,366 in 1998) |
2,293 |
1,227 |
Trading, at fair value (cost $11,330 in 1999; $5,279 in 1998) .......... |
11,277 |
5,219 |
Available for sale, at fair value (cost $997 in 1999; $745 in 1998) ... |
999 |
743 |
Trading account assets ..................................................................... |
5,881 |
6,234 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell ................................ |
1,171 |
1,083 |
Other .............................................................................................. |
1,985 |
1,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annuity reserves and policyholder liabilities ....................................... |
$ 843 |
$ 816 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase ................................. |
10,216 |
4,065 |
Securities sold but not yet purchased ................................................ |
1,174 |
1,181 |
Trading account liabilities .................................................................. |
5,930 |
5,834 |
Notes payable and other borrowings* .............................................. |
1,998 |
1,503 |
Other ............................................................................................... |
2,062 |
2,126 |
|
|
|
|
$22,223 |
$15,525 |
|
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
$49 |
$120 |
$260 |
$707 |
$475 |
Berkshire's finance and financial products businesses consist primarily of the financial products businesses of General Re, the consumer finance business of Scott Fetzer Financial Group, the real estate finance business of Berkshire Hathaway Credit Corporation, the financial instrument trading business of BH Finance and a life insurance subsidiary in the business of selling annuities. General Re's financial products businesses consist of General Re Financial Products ("GRFP") group and a collection of other businesses that provide investment, insurance, reinsurance and real estate management and brokerage services. Significant accounting policies and disclosures for these businesses are discussed below.
Investment securities (principally fixed maturity and equity investments) that are acquired for purposes of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities. Such assets are carried at fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities are included in income from finance and financial products businesses. Trading account assets and liabilities are marked-to-market on a daily basis and represent the estimated fair values of derivatives in net gain positions (assets) and in net loss positions (liabilities). The net gains and losses reflect reductions permitted under master netting agreements with counterparties.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (assets) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (liabilities) are accounted for as collateralized investments and borrowings and are recorded at the contractual resale or repurchase amounts plus accrued interest. Other investment securities owned and liabilities associated with investment securities sold but not yet purchased are carried at fair value.
GRFP is engaged as a dealer in various types of derivative instruments, including interest rate, currency and equity swaps and options, as well as structured finance products. These instruments are carried at their current estimates of fair value, which is a function of underlying interest rates, currency rates, security values, volatilities and the creditworthiness of counterparties. Future changes in these factors or a combination thereof may affect the fair value of these instruments with any resulting adjustment to be included currently in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.
Interest rate, currency and equity swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange, at particular intervals, payment streams calculated on a specified notional amount. Interest rate, currency and equity options grant the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to either purchase from or sell to the writer a specified financial instrument under agreed terms. Interest rate caps and floors require the writer to pay the purchaser at specified future dates the amount, if any, by which the option's underlying market interest rate exceeds the fixed cap or falls below the fixed floor, applied to a notional amount.
Futures contracts are commitments to either purchase or sell a financial instrument at a future date for a specified price and are generally settled in cash. Forward-rate agreements are financial instruments that settle in cash at a specified future date based on the differential between agreed interest rates applied to a notional amount. Foreign exchange contracts generally involve the exchange of two currencies at agreed rates on a specified date; spot contracts usually require the exchange to occur within two business days of the contract date.
A summary of notional amounts of derivative contracts at December 31, 1999 and 1998 is included in the table below. For these transactions, the notional amount represents the principal volume, which is referenced by the counterparties in computing payments to be exchanged, and are not indicative of the Company's exposure to market or credit risk, future cash requirements or receipts from such transactions.
December 31, 1999 |
December 31, 1998 |
|
Interest rate and currency swap agreements ...... |
$531,645 |
$514,935 |
Options written ................................................ |
121,683 |
88,245 |
Options purchased ........................................... |
151,006 |
90,826 |
Financial futures contracts: |
|
|
Commitments to purchase .............................. |
32,377 |
26,041 |
Commitments to sell ....................................... |
11,368 |
6,872 |
Forward - rate agreements................................ |
5,164 |
24,579 |
Foreign exchange spot and forward contracts ... |
10,430 |
14,794 |
The following tables discloses the net fair value or carrying amount at December 31, 1999 and 1998 as well as the average fair value during 1999 for each class of derivative financial contract held or issued by GRFP.
December 31, 1999 |
December 31, 1998 |
|||
|
Asset |
Liability |
Asset |
Liability |
|
(in millions) |
(in millions) |
||
Interest rate and foreign currency swaps ... |
$22,593 |
$22,819 |
$25,963 |
$25,445 |
Interest rate and foreign currency options . |
5,980 |
5,714 |
4,338 |
4,439 |
Gross fair value ........................................ |
28,573 |
28,533 |
30,301 |
29,884 |
Adjustment for counterparty netting .......... |
(22,692 ) |
(22,692 ) |
(24,067 ) |
(24,067 ) |
Net fair value ........................................... |
5,881 |
5,841 |
6,234 |
5,817 |
Security receivables/payables ................... |
-- |
89 |
-- |
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
Asset |
Liability |
|
|
|
(in millions) |
|
||
Interest rate and foreign currency swaps ..... |
$23,213 |
$23,071 |
|
|
Interest rate and foreign currency options ... |
4,657 |
4,687 |
|
|
Gross fair value .......................................... |
27,870 |
27,758 |
|
|
Adjustment for counterparty netting ............ |
(22,579 ) |
(22,579 ) |
|
|
Net fair value ............................................. |
5,291 |
5,179 |
|
|
Security receivables/payables ..................... |
85 |
111 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
The derivative financial instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of market, credit, and legal risks. Market risk is the possibility that future changes in market conditions may make the derivative financial instrument less valuable. Credit risk is defined as the possibility that a loss may occur from the failure of another party to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract which exceeds the value of existing collateral, if any. The derivative's risk of credit loss is generally a small fraction of notional value of the instrument and is represented by the fair value of the derivative financial instrument. Legal risk arises from the uncertainty of the enforceability of the obligations of another party, including contractual provisions intended to reduce credit exposure by providing for the offsetting or netting of mutual obligations.
With respect to Berkshire's life insurance business, annuity reserves and policyholder liabilities are carried at the present value of the actuarially determined ultimate payment amounts discounted at market interest rates existing at the inception of the contracts. Such interest rates range from 5% to 8%. Periodic accretions of the discounted liabilities are charged against income from finance and financial products businesses.
Investments in securities with fixed maturities held by Berkshire's life insurance business are classified as held-to-maturity. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost reflecting the Company's ability and intent to hold such investments to maturity. Such items consist predominantly of mortgage loans and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(8) Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Supplemental data with respect to unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses of property/casualty insurance subsidiaries (in millions) is as follows:
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses: |
|
|
|
Balance at beginning of year ............................................. |
$23,012 |
$6,850 |
$6,274 |
Less ceded liabilities and deferred charges ........................ |
2,727 |
754 |
586 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current accident year ....................................................... |
11,275 |
4,235 |
3,551 |
All prior accident years ..................................................... |
(192) |
(195) |
(131) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current accident year ........................................................ |
3,648 |
1,919 |
1,602 |
All prior accident years ...................................................... |
4,532 |
1,834 |
1,410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net balance at end of year ................................................. |
23,188 |
6,383 |
6,096 |
Ceded liabilities and deferred charges ................................. |
3,848 |
2,727 |
754 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment ............................... |
(234) |
-- |
-- |
Net liabilities assumed in connection with business acquisitions |
-- |
13,902 |
-- |
|
|
|
|
Incurred losses "all prior accident years" reflects the amount of estimation error charged or credited to earnings in each year with respect to the liabilities established as of the beginning of that year. This amount includes amortization of deferred charges regarding retroactive reinsurance assumed and accretion of discounted liabilities. See Note 1 for additional information regarding these items. Additional information regarding incurred losses will be revealed over time and the estimates will be revised resulting in gains or losses in the periods made.
The balances of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are based upon estimates of the ultimate claim costs associated with claim occurrences as of the balance sheet dates. Considerable judgement is required to evaluate claims and establish estimated claim liabilities, particularly with respect to certain lines of business, such as reinsurance assumed, or certain types of claims, such as environmental or latent injury liabilities.
Berkshire continuously evaluates its liabilities and related reinsurance recoverable for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses, which arise from exposures in the U.S., as well as internationally. Environmental and latent injury exposures do not lend themselves to traditional methods of loss development determination and therefore reserveestimates related to these exposures may be considerably less reliable than for other lines of business (e.g., automobile). The effect of joint and several liability claims severity and a provision for inflation have been included in the loss development estimate. The Company has also established a liability for litigation costs associated with coverage disputes arising out of direct insurance policies.
The liabilities for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses net of related reinsurance recoverables were $3,211 million and $1,913 million, respectively, at December 31, 1999 and 1998. The liabilities recorded for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses are management's best estimate of future ultimate claim and claim expense payments and recoveries and are expected to develop over the next several decades.
Berkshire monitors evolving case law and its effect on environmental and latent injury claims. Changing government regulations, newly identified toxins, newly reported claims, new theories of liability, new contract interpretations and other factors could result in significant amounts of adverse development of the balance sheet liabilities. Such development could be material to Berkshire's results of operations. It is not possible to estimate reliably the amount of additional net loss, or the range of net loss, that is reasonably possible.
(9) Income taxes
The liability for income taxes as reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows (in millions):
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Payable currently ...................................................................... |
$ (27) |
$ 1,006 |
Deferred ................................................................................... |
9,593 |
10,756 |
|
|
|
The Consolidated Statements of Earnings reflect charges for income taxes as shown below (in millions):
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|
Federal ...................................................................................... |
$ 748 |
$1,421 |
$865 |
State .......................................................................................... |
43 |
31 |
32 |
Foreign ...................................................................................... |
61 |
5 |
1 |
|
|
|
|
Current ...................................................................................... |
$1,189 |
$1,643 |
$692 |
Deferred .................................................................................... |
(337) |
(186) |
206 |
|
|
|
|
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 1999 and 1998, are shown below (in millions):
1999 |
1998 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
|
|
Relating to unrealized appreciation of investments ..................... |
$9,383 |
$10,149 |
Other ...................................................................................... |
1,252 |
1,615 |
|
10,635 |
11,764 |
Deferred tax assets .................................................................... |
(1,042) |
(1,008) |
|
|
|
Charges for income taxes are reconciled to hypothetical amounts computed at the federal statutory rate in the table shown below (in millions):
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|
Earnings before income taxes ............................................... |
$2,450 |
$4,314 |
$2,827 |
Hypothetical amounts applicable to above |
|
|
|
computed at the federal statutory rate ................................. |
$ 858 |
$1,510 |
$ 989 |
Decreases resulting from: |
|
|
|
Tax-exempt interest income ................................................ |
(145) |
(30) |
(36) |
Dividends received deduction .............................................. |
(95) |
(78) |
(104) |
Goodwill amortization ............................................................ |
161 |
39 |
29 |
State income taxes, less federal income tax benefit .................. |
28 |
20 |
21 |
Foreign tax rate differential ..................................................... |
45 |
-- |
-- |
Other differences, net ............................................................. |
-- |
(4) |
(1) |
|
|
|
|
(10) Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt
Liabilities reflected for this balance sheet caption are as follows (in millions):
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Borrowings under investment agreements ............................................. |
$ 613 |
$ 724 |
1% Senior Exchangeable Notes Due 2001 ("Exchange Notes") ............ |
449 |
469 |
GEICO Corporation 7.5% debentures due 2005* ............................... |
106 |
107 |
General Re Corporation 8.85% debentures due 2009* ........................ |
107 |
108 |
General Re Corporation 9% debentures due 2009* ............................. |
150 |
150 |
GEICO Corporation 9.15% debentures due 2021 ............................... |
107 |
107 |
GEICO Corporation 7.35% debentures due 2023* ............................. |
160 |
160 |
Other debt ........................................................................................... |
773 |
560 |
|
|
|
* Non-callable
Borrowings under investment agreements are made pursuant to contracts calling for interest payable, normally semiannually, at fixed rates ranging from 2.5% to 8.6% per annum. Contractual maturities of borrowings under investment agreements generally range from 3 months to 30 years. Under certain conditions, these borrowings are redeemable prior to the contractual maturity dates.
Under certain conditions, each $1,000 par amount Exchange Note is currently exchangeable at the option of the holder or redeemable at the option of Berkshire into 44.875 shares of Citigroup common stock. Berkshire, at its option, may settle any exchange or redemption at the equivalent value in cash. The Exchange Notes are carried at accreted value plus an additional amount (the "contingent value") representing the excess of the value of the underlying Citigroup common stock over the accreted value of the Exchange Notes. The contingent value component of the aggregate carrying value of the Exchange Notes was $276 million at December 31, 1999 and $171 million at year end 1998. During 1999, approximately $136 million par amount of Exchange Notes were converted by holders into Citigroup common shares.
Other debt includes primarily commercial paper, revolving bank debt, and variable rate term bonds issued by a variety of Berkshire subsidiaries and generally, may be redeemed at any time at the option of the issuing company.
No materially restrictive covenants are included in any of the various debt agreements. Payments of principal amounts expected during the next five years are as follows (in millions):
2000 |
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
$522 |
$473 |
$ 28 |
$ 54 |
$ 18 |
(11) Dividend restrictions - Insurance subsidiaries
Payments of dividends by insurance subsidiaries members are restricted by insurance statutes and regulations. Without prior regulatory approval in 2000, Berkshire can receive up to approximately $4.2 billion as dividends from insurance subsidiaries.
Combined shareholders' equity of U.S. based property/casualty insurance subsidiaries determined pursuant to statutory accounting rules (Statutory Surplus as Regards Policyholders) was approximately $44.5 billion at December 31, 1999. This amount differs from the corresponding amount determined on the basis of GAAP. The major differences between statutory basis accounting and GAAP are that deferred income tax assets and liabilities, deferred charges-reinsurance assumed, unrealized gains and losses on investments in securities with fixed maturities and goodwill of acquired businesses are recognized under GAAP but not for statutory reporting purposes.
(12) Common stock
Changes in issued and outstanding common stock of the Company during the three years ended December 31, 1999, are shown in the table below.
|
|
|
Class B Common |
|
|
|
|
|
$0.1667 Par Value |
|
Class A Common, $5 Par Value |
(55,000,000 shares |
||
|
(1,650,000 shares authorized*) |
authorized*) |
||
|
Shares |
Treasury |
Shares |
Shares Issued and |
|
Issued |
Shares |
Outstanding |
Outstanding |
Balance December 31, 1996 ........................ |
1,376,188 |
170,068 |
1,206,120 |
783,755 |
Common stock issued in connection ....... |
|
|
|
|
with acquisition of business ..................... |
-- |
(1,866) |
1,866 |
165 |
Conversions of Class A common stock .. |
|
|
|
|
to Class B common stock and other ........ |
(10,098 ) |
-- |
(10,098 ) |
303,236 |
Balance December 31, 1997 ....................... |
1,366,090 |
168,202 |
1,197,888 |
1,087,156 |
Common stock issued in connection ...... |
|
|
|
|
with acquisitions of businesses .............. |
168,670 |
(9,709) |
178,379 |
3,174,677 |
Conversions of Class A common stock |
|
|
|
|
to Class B common stock and other ....... |
(26,732) |
-- |
(26,732) |
808,546 |
Retirement of treasury shares .................. |
(158,493 ) |
(158,493 ) |
-- |
-- |
Balance December 31, 1998 ...................... |
1,349,535 |
-- |
1,349,535 |
5,070,379 |
Conversions of Class A common stock |
|
|
|
|
to Class B common stock and other ....... |
(7,872 ) |
____ |
(7,872 ) |
296,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty shares of Class B Common Stock. Class B Common Stock is not convertible into Class A Common Stock. Each share of Class B Common Stock possesses voting rights equivalent to one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a share of Class A Common Stock. Class A and Class B common shares vote together as a single class.
In connection with the General Re merger, all shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the merger were canceled and replaced with new Class A and Class B common shares and all Class A treasury shares were canceled and retired. See Note 2 for information regarding the General Re merger.
(13) Fair values of financial instruments
SFAS No. 107, "Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments" requires certain fair value disclosures. Fair value disclosures are required for most investment securities as well as other contractual assets and liabilities. Certain financial instruments, including insurance contracts, are excluded from SFAS 107 disclosure requirements due to perceived difficulties in measuring fair value. Accordingly, an estimation of fair value was not made with respect to unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.
In determining fair value, Berkshire used quoted market prices when available. For instruments where quoted market prices were not available, independent pricing services or appraisals by Berkshire's management were used. Those services and appraisals reflected the estimated present values utilizing current risk adjusted market rates of similar instruments.
Considerable judgement is necessarily required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value.
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values. The estimated fair values of Berkshire's other financial instruments as of December 31, 1999 and 1998, are as follows (in millions):
Carrying Value |
Estimated Fair Value |
|||
|
1999 |
1998 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in securities with fixed maturities ..................... |
$30,222 |
$21,246 |
$30,222 |
$21,246 |
Investments in equity securities and other investments .... |
39,508 |
39,761 |
39,508 |
39,761 |
Assets of finance and financial products businesses ........ |
24,229 |
16,989 |
24,167 |
17,129 |
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt |
2,465 |
2,385 |
2,418 |
2,475 |
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses .... |
22,223 |
15,525 |
22,151 |
15,698 |
(14) Litigation
During 1999, GEICO was named as a defendant in a number of class action lawsuits related to the use of repair parts not produced by original equipment manufacturers in connection with settlement of collision damage claims. One of the lawsuits has been dismissed. The remaining lawsuits are in the early stages of development and the ultimate outcome cannot be reasonably determined at this time. Management intends to vigorously defend GEICO's position of recommending use of after-market parts in certain auto accident repairs.
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. In particular, and in common with the insurance industry in general, such legal actions affect Berkshire's insurance and reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
(15) Supplemental cash flow and insurance premium information
A summary of supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table (in millions):
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
|
Cash paid during the year for: |
|
|
|
Income taxes ........................................................................................................ |
$2,215 |
$1,703 |
$ 498 |
Interest of finance and financial products businesses ................................. |
513 |
21 |
21 |
Other interest ....................................................................................................... |
136 |
111 |
102 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
|
|
|
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions of businesses ............ |
61 |
36,064 |
25 |
Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions of businesses ..... |
-- |
22,795 |
73 |
Fair value of investments acquired as part of exchanges and conversions |
-- |
-- |
1,837 |
Contingent value of Exchange Notes recognized in earnings ...................... |
87 |
54 |
298 |
Value of equity securities used to redeem Exchange Notes ......................... |
298 |
344 |
-- |
Premiums written and earned by Berkshire's property/casualty and life/health insurance businesses during each of the three years ending December 31, 1999 are summarized below. Dollars are in millions.
Property/Casualty |
Life/Health* |
||||
|
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
1999 |
1998 |
Premiums Written: |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct ............................................ |
$ 5,798 |
$4,503 |
$3,980 |
$ -- |
$ -- |
Assumed ........................................ |
7,951 |
1,184 |
957 |
1,981 |
46 |
Ceded ........................................... |
(818) |
(83) |
(85) |
(245) |
(5) |
|
$12,931 |
$5,604 |
$4,852 |
$1,736 |
$ 41 |
Premiums Earned: |
|
|
|
|
|
Direct ............................................. |
$ 5,606 |
$4,382 |
$3,879 |
$ -- |
$ -- |
Assumed ........................................ |
7,762 |
1,147 |
968 |
1,971 |
45 |
Ceded ............................................ |
(788) |
(89) |
(86) |
(245) |
(4) |
|
$12,580 |
$5,440 |
$4,761 |
$1,726 |
$ 41 |
|
(16) Business Segment Data
SFAS No. 131 requires certain disclosures about operating segments in a manner that is consistent with how management evaluates the performance of the segment. Information related to Berkshire's twelve reportable operating segments is shown below.
Business Identity |
Business Activity |
GEICO |
Underwriting private passenger automobile insurance mainly by direct response methods |
General Re |
Underwriting excess-of-loss and quota-share reinsurance worldwide |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
Underwriting excess-of-loss and quota-share reinsurance for property and casualty insurers and reinsurers |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
Underwriting multiple lines of property and casualty insurance policies for primarily commercial accounts |
Buffalo News |
Publication of a daily and Sunday newspaper in Western New York |
FlightSafety and Executive Jet ("Flight Services") |
Training to operators of aircraft and ships and providing fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft |
Nebraska Furniture Mart, R.C. Willey Home Furnishings, Star Furniture Company and Jordan's Furniture ("Home Furnishings") |
Retail sales of home furnishings, appliances and electronics |
International Dairy Queen |
Licensing and servicing a system of almost 6,000 Dairy Queen stores |
Helzberg's Diamond Shops and Borsheim's ("Jewelry") |
Retailing of fine jewelry |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
Diversified manufacturing and distribution of various consumer and commercial products with principal brand names including Kirby and Campbell Hausfeld |
See's Candies |
Manufacture and distribution of boxed chocolates and other confectionery products |
H.H. Brown Shoe Company, Lowell Shoe, Inc. and Dexter Shoe Company ("Shoe Group") |
Manufacture and distribution of footwear |
General Re's reinsurance business is included as a reportable segment beginning in 1999. General Re Corporation was acquired by Berkshire on December 21, 1998. For further information regarding the acquisition, see Note 2.
A disaggregation of Berkshire's consolidated data for each of the three most recent years is presented in the tables which follow on this and the following page. Amounts are in millions.
Revenues |
|||
|
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
Operating Segments: |
|
|
|
Insurance group revenues: |
|
|
|
GEICO * ................................................................ |
$ 4,757 |
$ 4,033 |
$ 3,482 |
General Re * ........................................................... |
6,905 |
-- |
-- |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group * ............... |
2,382 |
939 |
967 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group * ........ |
262 |
328 |
312 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income ......... |
2,500 |
982 |
888 |
Total insurance group revenues .................................. |
16,806 |
6,282 |
5,649 |
|
|
|
|
Flight services ............................................................ |
1,856 |
858 |
411 |
Home furnishings ........................................................ |
917 |
793 |
667 |
International Dairy Queen ........................................... |
460 |
420 |
-- |
Jewelry ....................................................................... |
486 |
420 |
398 |
Scott Fetzer Companies .............................................. |
1,021 |
1,002 |
961 |
See's Candies .............................................................. |
306 |
288 |
269 |
Shoe group ................................................................. |
498 |
500 |
542 |
|
22,507 |
10,720 |
9,053 |
|
|
||
Realized investment gain ............................................ |
1,365 |
2,415 |
1,106 |
Other revenues .......................................................... |
381 |
703 |
280 |
Purchase-accounting-adjustments .............................. |
(225 ) |
(6 ) |
(9 ) |
|
|
|
|
* Represents insurance premiums earned |
|||
|
Operating Profit before Taxes |
||
|
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
Operating Segments: |
|
|
|
Insurance group operating profit: |
|
|
|
GEICO * ............................................................... |
$ 24 |
$269 |
$281 |
General Re * .......................................................... |
(1,184) |
-- |
-- |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group * .............. |
(256) |
(21) |
128 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group * ........ |
22 |
17 |
52 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income ......... |
2,482 |
974 |
882 |
Total insurance group operating profit ........................ |
1,088 |
1,239 |
1,343 |
|
|
|
|
Flight services ............................................................ |
225 |
181 |
140 |
Home furnishings ........................................................ |
79 |
72 |
57 |
International Dairy Queen ........................................... |
56 |
58 |
-- |
Jewelry ...................................................................... |
51 |
39 |
32 |
Scott Fetzer Companies ............................................. |
147 |
137 |
119 |
See's Candies ............................................................. |
74 |
62 |
59 |
Shoe group ................................................................. |
17 |
33 |
49 |
|
1,792 |
1,874 |
1,855 |
|
|
|
|
Realized investment gain ............................................ |
1,365 |
2,415 |
1,106 |
Interest expense ** ................................................... |
(109) |
(100) |
(107) |
Corporate and other .................................................. |
141 |
248 |
72 |
Goodwill amortization and other |
|
|
|
|
$2,450 |
$4,314 |
$2,827 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Capital expenditures * |
Deprec. & amort. |
||||
Operating Segments: |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
Insurance group: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
GEICO ................................................................. |
$ 87 |
$ 101 |
$ 27 |
$ 40 |
$ 27 |
$ 26 |
General Re .......................................................... |
17 |
-- |
-- |
25 |
-- |
-- |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group ...... |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
-- |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Total insurance group ....................................... |
105 |
102 |
28 |
66 |
28 |
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flight services .................................................... |
323 |
213 |
119 |
77 |
58 |
55 |
Home furnishings .............................................. |
41 |
21 |
43 |
16 |
13 |
10 |
International Dairy Queen ................................ |
9 |
10 |
-- |
4 |
3 |
-- |
Jewelry ................................................................. |
14 |
12 |
9 |
11 |
10 |
10 |
Scott Fetzer Companies ..................................... |
14 |
10 |
6 |
11 |
11 |
11 |
See's Candies ...................................................... |
6 |
15 |
20 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
Shoe group .......................................................... |
6 |
9 |
11 |
12 |
13 |
12 |
|
523 |
394 |
239 |
204 |
143 |
133 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate and other ............................................ |
7 |
5 |
3 |
11 |
4 |
3 |
Purchase-accounting-adjustments ................... |
-- |
-- |
-- |
3 |
8 |
8 |
|
$ 530 |
$ 399 |
$ 242 |
$ 218 |
$ 155 |
$ 144 |
|
Identifiable assets |
|||
|
at year-end |
||
Operating Segments: |
1999 |
1998 |
1997 |
Insurance group: |
|
|
|
GEICO ...................................................................... |
$ 9,381 |
$ 8,663 |
$ 7,683 |
General Re ................................................................. |
30,168 |
32,011 |
-- |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group ..................... |
39,607 |
36,611 |
34,781 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group .............. |
4,866 |
5,564 |
5,902 |
Total insurance group ................................................... |
84,022 |
82,849 |
48,366 |
|
|
|
|
Flight services ............................................................... |
1,790 |
1,345 |
792 |
Home furnishings .......................................................... |
648 |
489 |
457 |
International Dairy Queen ............................................. |
207 |
199 |
-- |
Jewelry ........................................................................ |
258 |
234 |
219 |
Scott Fetzer Companies ............................................... |
298 |
242 |
256 |
See's Candies .............................................................. |
78 |
79 |
65 |
Shoe group .................................................................. |
301 |
336 |
353 |
|
87,632 |
85,802 |
50,536 |
|
|
|
|
Corporate and other ..................................................... |
25,276 |
17,671 |
2,450 |
Goodwill and other purchase-accounting-adjustments .... |
18,508 |
18,764 |
3,125 |
|
$131,416 |
$122,237 |
$56,111 |
(17) Quarterly data
A summary of revenues and earnings by quarter for each of the last two years is presented in the following table. This information is unaudited. Dollars are in millions, except per share amounts.
|
|
|
|
|
||
1999 |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
||
Revenues ....................................................... |
$5,446 |
$5,461 |
$7,051 |
$6,070 |
||
Earnings: |
|
|
|
|
||
Excluding realized investment gain ................ |
$ 294 |
$ 299 |
$ 156 |
$ (78) |
||
Realized investment gain * ........................... |
247 |
273 |
264 |
102 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Excluding realized investment gain ................ |
$ 194 |
$ 197 |
$ 103 |
$ (52) |
||
Realized investment gain * ........................... |
162 |
179 |
173 |
69 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
1998 |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
||
Revenues ....................................................... |
$3,325 |
$3,936 |
$2,909 |
$3,662 |
||
Earnings: |
|
|
|
|
||
Excluding realized investment gain ................ |
$ 252 |
$ 312 |
$ 264 |
$ 449 |
||
Realized investment gain * ........................... |
470 |
864 |
101 |
118 |
||
|
$ 722 |
$1,176 |
$ 365 |
$ 567 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Excluding realized investment gain ................ |
$ 203 |
$ 251 |
$ 212 |
$ 352 |
||
Realized investment gain * ........................... |
379 |
696 |
81 |
92 |
||
|
$ 582 |
$ 947 |
$ 293 |
$ 444 |
||
|