BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, |
||
2000 |
1999 |
|
ASSETS |
||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ 5,263 |
$ 3,835 |
Investments: |
||
Securities with fixed maturities |
32,567 |
30,222 |
Equity securities |
37,619 |
37,772 |
Other |
1,637 |
1,736 |
Receivables |
11,764 |
8,558 |
Inventories |
1,275 |
844 |
Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company |
1,719 |
¾ |
Assets of finance and financial products businesses |
16,829 |
24,229 |
Property, plant and equipment |
2,699 |
1,903 |
Goodwill of acquired businesses |
18,875 |
18,281 |
Other assets |
5,545 |
4,036 |
$135,792 |
$131,416 |
|
====== |
====== |
|
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |
||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
$ 33,022 |
$ 26,802 |
Unearned premiums |
3,885 |
3,718 |
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
8,374 |
7,458 |
Income taxes, principally deferred |
10,125 |
9,566 |
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt |
2,663 |
2,465 |
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses |
14,730 |
22,223 |
72,799 |
72,232 |
|
Minority shareholders' interests |
1,269 |
1,423 |
Shareholders' equity: |
||
Common Stock:* |
||
Class A Common Stock, $5 par value |
||
and Class B Common Stock, $0.1667 par value |
8 |
8 |
Capital in excess of par value |
25,524 |
25,209 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
17,543 |
17,223 |
Retained earnings |
18,649 |
15,321 |
Total shareholders' equity |
61,724 |
57,761 |
$135,792 |
$131,416 |
|
====== |
====== |
* Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,526,230 shares outstanding at December 31, 2000 versus 1,520,562 shares outstanding at December 31, 1999.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
Year Ended December 31, |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Revenues: | |||
Insurance premiums earned | $19,343 | $14,306 | $ 5,481 |
Sales and service revenues | 7,331 | 5,918 | 4,675 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income | 2,686 | 2,314 | 1,049 |
Income from MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company | 105 | ¾ | ¾ |
Income from finance and financial products businesses | 556 | 125 | 212 |
Realized investment gain | 3,955 | 1,365 | 2,415 |
33,976 | 24,028 | 13,832 | |
Cost and expenses: | |||
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses | 17,332 | 12,518 | 4,040 |
Insurance underwriting expenses | 3,602 | 3,220 | 1,184 |
Cost of products and services sold | 4,893 | 4,065 | 3,018 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,703 | 1,164 | 1,056 |
Goodwill amortization | 715 | 477 | 111 |
Interest expense | 144 | 134 | 109 |
28,389 | 21,578 | 9,518 | |
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest | 5,587 | 2,450 | 4,314 |
Income taxes | 2,018 | 852 | 1,457 |
Minority interest | 241 | 41 | 27 |
Net earnings | $ 3,328 | $ 1,557 | $ 2,830 |
===== | ===== | ===== | |
Average common shares outstanding * | 1,522,933 | 1,519,703 | 1,251,363 |
Net earnings per common share * | $ 2,185 | $ 1,025 | $ 2,262 |
===== | ===== | ===== |
* Average shares outstanding include average Class A Common shares and average Class B Common shares determined on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis. Net earnings per common share shown above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A Common share. Net earnings per Class B Common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount or $73 per share for 2000, $34 per share for 1999, and $75 per share for 1998.
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
Year Ended December 31, |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|||
Net earnings |
$3,328 |
$1,557 |
$2,830 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to cash flows from operating activities: |
|||
Realized investment gain |
(3,955) |
(1,365) |
(2,415) |
Depreciation and amortization |
997 |
688 |
265 |
Changes in assets and liabilities before effects from |
|||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
5,976 |
3,790 |
347 |
Deferred charges ¾ reinsurance assumed |
(1,075) |
(958) |
(80) |
Unearned premiums |
97 |
394 |
179 |
Receivables |
(3,062) |
(834) |
(56) |
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
660 |
(5) |
4 |
Finance businesses trading activities |
(1,126) |
473 |
52 |
Income taxes |
757 |
(1,395) |
(329) |
Other |
350 |
(145) |
(140 ) |
Net cash flows from operating activities |
2,947 |
2,200 |
657 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|||
Purchases of securities with fixed maturities |
(16,550) |
(18,380) |
(2,697) |
Purchases of equity securities |
(4,145) |
(3,664) |
(1,865) |
Proceeds from sales of securities with fixed maturities |
13,119 |
4,509 |
6,339 |
Proceeds from redemptions and maturities of securities with fixed maturities |
2,530 |
2,833 |
2,132 |
Proceeds from sales of equity securities |
6,870 |
4,355 |
4,868 |
Loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
(857) |
(2,526) |
(1,028) |
Principal collection on loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
1,142 |
845 |
295 |
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired |
(3,798) |
(153) |
4,971 |
Other |
(582) |
(417 ) |
(302 ) |
Net cash flows from investing activities |
(2,271) |
(12,598 ) |
12,713 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |
|||
Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses |
120 |
736 |
120 |
Proceeds from other borrowings |
681 |
1,118 |
1,266 |
Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses |
(274) |
(46) |
(83) |
Repayments of other borrowings |
(806) |
(1,333) |
(1,225) |
Change in short term borrowings of finance businesses |
500 |
(311) |
¾ |
Changes in other short term borrowings |
324 |
340 |
(20) |
Other |
(75) |
(137 ) |
3 |
Net cash flows from financing activities |
470 |
367 |
61 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
1,146 |
(10,031) |
13,431 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
4,458 |
14,489 |
1,058 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year * |
$5,604 |
$4,458 |
$14,489 |
===== |
===== |
===== |
|
|
|
|
|
* Cash and cash equivalents at end of year are comprised of the following: |
|||
Finance and financial products businesses |
$ 341 |
$ 623 |
$ 907 |
Other |
5,263 |
3,835 |
13,582 |
$5,604 |
$ 4,458 |
$14,489 |
|
==== |
==== |
==== |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(dollars in millions)
|
|
|
Accumulated |
|
|
Balance December 31, 1997 |
$ 7 |
$ 2,316 |
$10,934 |
$18,198 |
|
Common stock issued in connection |
1 |
22,805 |
|
|
|
Net earnings |
2,830 |
$ 2,830 |
|||
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
3,011 |
3,011 |
|||
Reclassification adjustment for |
|
|
|
(2,415) |
(2,415) |
Income taxes and minority interests |
(284) |
(284 ) |
|||
Other comprehensive income |
312 |
||||
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
$ 3,142 |
Balance December 31, 1998 |
$ 8 |
$25,121 |
$13,764 |
$18,510 |
===== |
Net earnings |
1,557 |
$ 1,557 |
|||
Exercise of stock options issued in |
|
88 |
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
(795) |
(795) |
|||
Reclassification adjustment for |
|
|
|
(1,365) |
(1,365) |
Foreign currency translation losses |
(16) |
(16) |
|||
Income taxes and minority interests |
889 |
889 |
|||
Other comprehensive income |
(1,287 ) |
||||
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
$ 270 |
Balance December 31, 1999 |
$ 8 |
$25,209 |
$15,321 |
$17,223 |
==== |
Common stock issued in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
|
224 |
|
|
|
Net earnings |
3,328 |
$ 3,328 |
|||
Exercise of stock options issued in |
|
91 |
|
|
|
Other comprehensive income items: |
|||||
Unrealized appreciation of investments |
4,410 |
$4,410 |
|||
Reclassification adjustment for |
|
|
|
(3,955) |
(3,955) |
Foreign currency translation losses |
(161) |
(161) |
|||
Income taxes and minority interests |
26 |
26 |
|||
Other comprehensive income |
320 |
||||
Total comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
$ 3,648 |
Balance December 31, 2000 |
$ 8 |
$25,524 |
$18,649 |
$17,543 |
===== |
== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
BERKSHIRE HATHAWAY INC.
and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2000
(1) Significant accounting policies and practices
(a) Nature of operations and basis of consolidation
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. ("Berkshire" or "Company") is a holding company owning subsidiaries engaged in a number of diverse business activities. The most important of these are property and casualty insurance businesses conducted on both a direct and reinsurance basis. Further information regarding these businesses and Berkshire's other reportable business segments is contained in Note 16. Berkshire initiated and/or consummated several business acquisitions over the past three years. The significant business acquisitions are described more fully in Note 2. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Berkshire consolidated with accounts of all its subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
Since acquired in December 1998, the International property/casualty and Global life/health reinsurance activities of General Re have been reported in Berkshire's financial statements based on a one-quarter lag to facilitate the timely completion of the consolidated financial statements. During the fourth quarter of 2000, General Re implemented a number of procedural changes and improvements that now permit reporting of these businesses without the one-quarter lag. Accordingly, Berkshire's consolidated statements of earnings and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2000 include five quarters of results of operations and cash flows of these operations. The effect of eliminating the one-quarter lag in reporting was not significant to Berkshire's consolidated statement of earnings for the year ending December 31, 2000.
(b) Use of estimates in preparation of financial statements
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the period. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparing the consolidated financial statements.
(c) Cash equivalents
Cash equivalents consist of funds invested in money market accounts and in investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased.
(d) Investments
Berkshire's management determines the appropriate classifications of investments at the time of acquisition and re-evaluates the classifications at each balance sheet date. Investments may be classified as held-for-trading, held-to-maturity, or, when neither of those classifications is appropriate, as available-for-sale. Berkshire's investments in fixed maturity and equity securities are classified as available-for-sale. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, net of taxes and minority interest, reported as a separate component in shareholders' equity. Realized gains and losses, which arise when available-for-sale investments are sold (as determined on a specific identification basis) or other than temporarily impaired are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Other investments include investments in limited partnerships and commodities which are carried at fair value in the accompanying balance sheets. The realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with these investments are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a component of realized investment gain.
Accounting policies and practices for investments held by finance and financial products businesses are described in Note 7.
(e) Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market. Cost with respect to manufactured goods includes raw materials, direct and indirect labor and factory overhead. Approximately 54% of the total inventory cost was determined using the first-in-first-out (FIFO) method with the remainder valued using the last-in-first-out (LIFO) method. With respect to inventories carried at LIFO cost, the aggregate difference in value between LIFO cost and cost determined under FIFO methods was not material as of December 31, 2000 and December 31, 1999.
(f) Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost. Renewals and betterments are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is provided principally on the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows: aircraft, simulators, training equipment and spare parts, 4 to 20 years; buildings and improvements, 10 to 40 years; machinery, equipment, furniture and fixtures, 3 to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the lease or the life of the improvement, whichever is shorter. Interest is capitalized as an integral component of cost during the construction period of simulators and facilities and is amortized over the life of the related assets.
(g) Goodwill of acquired businesses
Goodwill of acquired businesses represents the difference between purchase cost and the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses and is being amortized on a straight line basis generally over 40 years. The Company periodically reviews the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill of acquired businesses to ensure it is appropriately valued. In the event that a condition is identified which may indicate an impairment issue exists, an assessment is performed using a variety of methodologies.
During the fourth quarter of 2000, Berkshire management concluded that an impairment of goodwill existed with respect to the investment in Dexter Shoe. For the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, as a result of intense competition from importers, Dexter Shoe has incurred operating losses. During 2000, certain manufacturing facilities were closed and certain other facilities are expected to close in 2001. Goodwill amortization shown in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings for 2000 includes a charge of $219 million related to the impairment.
(h) Revenue recognition
Insurance premiums for prospective property/casualty insurance and reinsurance and health reinsurance policies are earned in proportion to the level of insurance protection provided. In most cases, premiums are recognized as revenues ratably over their terms with unearned premiums computed on a monthly or daily pro rata basis. Premium adjustments on contracts and audit premiums are based on estimates over the contract period. Consideration received for retroactive reinsurance policies, including structured settlements, is recognized as premiums earned at the inception of the contracts. Premiums for life contracts are earned when due. Premiums earned are stated net of amounts ceded to reinsurers.
Revenues from product or merchandise sales are recognized upon passage of title to the customer, which coincides with customer pickup, product shipment, delivery or acceptance, depending on terms of the sales arrangement. Service revenues are generally recognized as the services are performed. Services provided pursuant to a contract are either recognized over the contract period, or upon completion of the elements specified in the contract, depending on the terms of the contract.
(i) Insurance premium acquisition costs
Certain costs of acquiring insurance premiums are deferred, subject to ultimate recoverability, and charged to income as the premiums are earned. The recoverability of premium acquisition costs of direct insurance businesses is determined without regard to investment income. The recoverability of premium acquisition costs from reinsurance assumed businesses, generally, reflects anticipation of investment income. The unamortized balances of deferred premium acquisition costs are included in other assets and were $916 million and $791 million at December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
(j) Losses and loss adjustment expenses
Liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses represent estimated claim and claim settlement costs of property/casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts. The liabilities for losses and loss adjustment expenses are recorded at the estimated ultimate payment amounts, except amounts arising from certain reinsurance assumed businesses are discounted. Estimated ultimate payment amounts are based upon (1) individual case estimates, (2) estimates of incurred-but-not-reported losses, based upon past experience and (3) reports of losses from ceding insurers.
The estimated liabilities of certain workers' compensation claims assumed under reinsurance contracts and liabilities assumed under structured settlement reinsurance contracts are carried in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at discounted amounts. Discounted amounts pertaining to reinsurance of certain workers' compensation risks are based upon an annual discount rate of 4.5%. The discounted amounts for structured settlement reinsurance contracts are based upon the prevailing market discount rates when the contracts were written and range from 5% to 13%. The periodic accretion of discounts is included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a component of losses and loss adjustment expenses. Net discounted liabilities were $1,531 million at December 31, 2000 and $1,529 million at December 31, 1999.
(k) Deferred charges-reinsurance assumed
The excess of estimated liabilities for claims and claim costs over the consideration received with respect to retroactive property and casualty reinsurance contracts that provide for indemnification of insurance risk is established as a deferred charge at inception of such contracts. The deferred charges are subsequently amortized using the interest method over the expected settlement periods of the claim liabilities. The periodic amortization charges are reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings as losses and loss adjustment expenses. The unamortized balance of deferred charges is included in other assets and was $2,593 million at December 31, 2000 and $1,518 million at December 31, 1999.
(l) Reinsurance
Provisions for losses and loss adjustment expenses are reported in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings after deducting amounts recovered and estimates of amounts that will be ultimately recoverable under reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance contracts do not relieve the ceding company of its obligations to indemnify policyholders with respect to the underlying insurance and reinsurance contracts. Estimated losses and loss adjustment expenses recoverable under reinsurance contracts are included in receivables and totaled $2,997 million and $2,331 million at December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
(m) Foreign currency
The accounts of several foreign-based subsidiaries are measured using the local currency as the functional currency. Revenues and expenses of these businesses are translated into U.S. dollars at the average exchange rate for the period. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate as of the end of the reporting period. Gains or losses from translating the financial statements of foreign-based operations are included in shareholders' equity as a component of other comprehensive income. Gains and losses arising from other transactions denominated in a foreign currency are included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
(n) Accounting pronouncements to be adopted subsequent to December 31, 2000
In 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." In June 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, which delayed the effective date for implementing SFAS No. 133 until the beginning of 2001. In June 2000, the FASB issued SFAS No. 138, which amended certain provisions of SFAS No. 133 with the objective of easing the implementation difficulties expected to arise. Berkshire adopted SFAS No. 133 as amended by SFAS No. 138 as of the beginning of 2001 and does not anticipate that the adoption of these new standards will have a material effect on its financial position or results of operations.
(2) Significant business acquisitions
During 2000, Berkshire initiated and/or consummated eight significant business acquisitions. Six of the acquisitions were completed in 2000 and the other two were completed in early 2001. Information concerning seven of these acquisitions follows. Information concerning the other acquisition is contained in Note 3 (Investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company).
CORT Business Services Corporation ("CORT")
Effective February 18, 2000, Wesco Financial Corporation, an indirect 80.1% owned subsidiary of Berkshire, acquired CORT. CORT is a leading national provider of rental furniture, accessories and related services in the "rent-to-rent" segment of the furniture industry.
Ben Bridge Jeweler ("Ben Bridge")
Effective July 3, 2000, Berkshire acquired all of the outstanding shares of Ben Bridge common stock. Ben Bridge is the leading operator of upscale jewelry stores based in major shopping malls in the Western United States.
Justin Industries, Inc. ("Justin")
Effective August 1, 2000, Berkshire acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Justin. Principal businesses of Justin include: Acme Building Brands, a leading manufacturer and producer of face brick, concrete masonry products and ceramic and marble floor and wall tile and Justin Brands, a leading manufacturer of Western footwear under a number of brand names.
U.S. Investment Corporation ("USIC")
Effective August 8, 2000, Berkshire acquired all of the outstanding shares of USIC common stock. USIC is the parent of the United States Liability Insurance Group, one of the premier U.S. writers of specialty insurance.
Benjamin Moore & Co. ("Benjamin Moore")
Effective December 18, 2000, Berkshire acquired Benjamin Moore. Benjamin Moore is a formulator, manufacturer and retailer of a broad range of architectural and industrial coatings, available principally in the United States and Canada.
Aggregate consideration paid for the five business acquisitions consummated in 2000 totaled $2,370 million, consisting of $2,146 million in cash and the remainder in Berkshire Class A and Class B common stock.
Shaw Industries, Inc. ("Shaw")
On October 20, 2000, Berkshire announced that it had formally entered into a merger agreement whereby it would acquire approximately 87.3% of the common stock of Shaw for $19 per share. The transaction was completed on January 8, 2001. An investment group consisting of Robert E. Shaw, Chairman and CEO of Shaw, Julian D. Saul, President of Shaw, certain family members and related family interests of Messrs. Shaw and Saul, and certain other directors and members of management acquired the remaining 12.7% of Shaw.
Shaw is the world's largest manufacturer of tufted broadloom carpet and rugs for residential and commercial applications throughout the United States and exports to most markets worldwide. Shaw markets its residential and commercial products under a variety of brand names.
Johns Manville Corporation ("Johns Manville")
On December 19, 2000, Berkshire entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger whereby Berkshire would acquire Johns Manville. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, among other things, Berkshire commenced a tender offer to purchase all of the outstanding shares of Johns Manville common stock for $13 per share. The acquisition was completed on February 27, 2001.
Johns Manville is a leading manufacturer of insulation and building products. Johns Manville manufactures and markets products for building and equipment insulation, commercial and industrial roofing systems, high-efficiency filtration media, and fibers and non-woven mats used as reinforcements in building and industrial applications. Johns Manville operates manufacturing facilities in North America, Europe and China.
Berkshire paid approximately $3,830 million in cash to shareholders of Shaw and Johns Manville in connection with the acquisitions.
The results of operations for each of these entities are or will be included in Berkshire's consolidated results of operations from the effective date of each merger. The following table sets forth certain unaudited consolidated earnings data for the years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999, as if each of the seven acquisitions discussed above were consummated on the same terms at the beginning of 1999. Dollars in millions except per share amounts.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Total revenues |
$41,396 |
$32,014 |
Net earnings |
3,347 |
1,812 |
Earnings per equivalent Class A Common Share |
2,195 |
1,189 |
During 1998 and 1999, Berkshire completed four significant business acquisitions. Information concerning these acquisitions follows. Effective January 7, 1998, Berkshire acquired 100% of the outstanding common stock of International Dairy Queen, Inc. ("Dairy Queen"). Dairy Queen develops, licenses and services a system of over 6,000 Dairy Queen, Orange Julius and Karmelkorn stores located throughout the United States, Canada, and other foreign countries, which feature various dairy desserts, beverages, blended fruit drinks, prepared foods, popcorn and snacks.
Effective August 7, 1998, Berkshire acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Executive Jet, Inc. ("Executive Jet"). Executive Jet is the world's leading provider of fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft. Executive Jet currently operates its fractional ownership programs in the United States and Europe.
Effective December 21, 1998, Berkshire acquired all of the outstanding common stock of General Re Corporation ("General Re"). Through its subsidiaries, General Re conducts global reinsurance and related risk management operations. General Re's principal U.S. subsidiary, General Reinsurance Corporation, which together with its affiliates, comprise the largest professional property and casualty reinsurance group domiciled in the United States. General Re also owns a controlling interest in Kölnische Rückversicherungs-Gesellschaft AG ("Cologne Re"), a major international reinsurer. General Re operates in 28 countries and provides reinsurance coverage in 130 countries around the world.
In addition, General Re affiliates write excess and surplus lines insurance, provide reinsurance brokerage services, manage aviation insurance risks, act as business development consultants and reinsurance intermediaries and provide specialized investment services to the insurance industry. General Re also operates as a dealer in the swap and derivatives market through Gen Re Securities Holdings Limited (formerly General Re Financial Products Corporation).
In November 1999, Berkshire acquired Jordan's Furniture, Inc. ("Jordan's"). Jordan's operates a furniture retail business from four locations and is believed to be the largest furniture retailer in the Massachusetts and New Hampshire areas.
Each of the business acquisitions described above was accounted for under the purchase method. The excess of the purchase cost of the business over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill of acquired businesses.
(3) Investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
On October 24, 1999, Berkshire entered into an agreement along with Walter Scott, Jr. and David L. Sokol, to acquire MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company ("MidAmerican"). The transaction closed on March 14, 2000. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Berkshire invested approximately $1.24 billion in common stock and a non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock of a newly formed entity that merged with and into MidAmerican, with MidAmerican continuing as the surviving corporation. Such investment gives Berkshire about a 9.7% voting interest and a 76% economic interest in MidAmerican on a fully-diluted basis. Berkshire subsidiaries also acquired approximately $455 million of an 11% non-transferable trust preferred security. Under certain conditions, for a period of up to seven years subsequent to the closing, Berkshire may be required to purchase up to $345 million of additional trust preferred securities. Mr. Scott, a member of Berkshire's Board of Directors, controls approximately 86% of the voting interest in MidAmerican. Mr. Sokol is the CEO of MidAmerican.
Through its retail utility subsidiaries, MidAmerican Energy in the U.S. and Northern Electric in the U.K., MidAmerican provides electric service to approximately 1.8 million customers and natural gas service to 1.1 million customers worldwide. MidAmerican owns interests in over 10,000 net megawatts of diversified power generation facilities in operation, construction and development.
Berkshire's aggregate investments in MidAmerican are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as Investments in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company. Berkshire is accounting for the common and non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock pursuant to the equity method. The carrying value of these equity method investments totaled $1,264 million at December 31, 2000.
The Consolidated Statements of Earnings reflect, as income from MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company, Berkshire's proportionate share of MidAmerican's net income with respect to the investments accounted for pursuant to the equity method, as well as interest earned on the 11% trust preferred security. Income derived from equity method investments totaled $66 million for the period from March 14, 2000 through December 31, 2000.
(4) Investments in securities with fixed maturities
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of investments in securities with fixed maturities as of December 31, 2000 and 1999 are as follows (in millions):
|
Gross |
Gross |
Estimated |
|
December 31, 2000(1) |
||||
Bonds: |
||||
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of |
$ 3,662 |
$ 26 |
$ (9) |
$ 3,679 |
Obligations of states, municipalities |
8,185 |
45 |
(57) |
8,173 |
Obligations of foreign governments |
1,944 |
19 |
(20) |
1,943 |
Corporate bonds |
5,918 |
147 |
(209) |
5,856 |
Redeemable preferred stocks |
102 |
¾ |
(5) |
97 |
Mortgage-backed securities |
12,609 |
275 |
(65 ) |
12,819 |
$32,420 |
$512 |
$(365) |
$32,567 |
|
===== |
=== |
==== |
===== |
|
|
Gross |
Gross |
Estimated |
|
December 31, 1999(1) |
||||
Bonds: |
||||
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of |
$ 4,001 |
$ 3 |
$ (189) |
$ 3,815 |
Obligations of states, municipalities |
9,029 |
13 |
(436) |
8,606 |
Obligations of foreign governments |
2,208 |
6 |
(49) |
2,165 |
Corporate bonds |
5,901 |
21 |
(237) |
5,685 |
Redeemable preferred stocks |
133 |
1 |
(5) |
129 |
Mortgage-backed securities |
10,157 |
7 |
(342 ) |
9,822 |
$31,429 |
$ 51 |
$(1,258) |
$30,222 |
|
===== |
=== |
===== |
===== |
(1)
Amounts above exclude securities with fixed maturities held by finance and financial products businesses. See Note 7.(2)
In connection with the acquisition of General Re on December 21, 1998, fixed maturity securities with a fair value of $17.6 billion were acquired. Such amount was approximately $1.2 billion in excess of General Re's historical amortized cost. The unamortized excess amount was $680 million at December 31, 2000 and $940 million at December 31, 1999.Shown below are the amortized cost and estimated fair values of securities with fixed maturities at December 31, 2000, by contractual maturity dates. Actual maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers of certain of the securities retain early call or prepayment rights. Amounts are in millions.
|
Estimated |
|
Due in one year or less |
$ 4,557 |
$ 4,616 |
Due after one year through five years |
5,665 |
5,613 |
Due after five years through ten years |
4,343 |
4,313 |
Due after ten years |
5,246 |
5,206 |
19,811 |
19,748 |
|
Mortgage-backed securities |
12,609 |
12,819 |
$32,420 |
$32,567 |
|
===== |
===== |
(5) Investments in equity securities
Data with respect to the consolidated investments in equity securities are shown below. Amounts are in millions.
|
Unrealized |
Fair |
||
December 31, 2000 |
||||
Common stock of: |
||||
American Express Company * |
$ 1,470 |
$ 6,859 |
$ 8,329 |
|
The Coca-Cola Company |
1,299 |
10,889 |
12,188 |
|
The Gillette Company |
600 |
2,868 |
3,468 |
|
Wells Fargo & Company |
319 |
2,748 |
3,067 |
|
Other equity securities |
6,714 |
3,853 |
10,567 |
|
$10,402 |
$27,217 |
** |
$37,619 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
||
|
Unrealized |
Fair |
||
December 31, 1999 |
||||
Common stock of: |
||||
American Express Company * |
$ 1,470 |
$ 6,932 |
$ 8,402 |
|
The Coca-Cola Company |
1,299 |
10,351 |
11,650 |
|
The Gillette Company |
600 |
3,354 |
3,954 |
|
Wells Fargo & Company |
349 |
2,042 |
2,391 |
|
Other equity securities |
5,956 |
5,419 |
11,375 |
|
$ 9,674 |
$28,098 |
** |
$37,772 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
* Common shares of American Express Company ("AXP") owned by Berkshire and its subsidiaries possessed approximately 11% of the voting rights of all AXP shares outstanding at December 31, 2000. The shares are held subject to various agreements with certain insurance and banking regulators which, among other things, prohibit Berkshire from (i) seeking representation on the Board of Directors of AXP (Berkshire may agree, if it so desires, at the request of management or the Board of Directors of AXP to have no more than one representative stand for election to the Board of Directors of AXP) and (ii) acquiring or retaining shares that would cause its ownership of AXP voting securities to equal or exceed 17% of the amount outstanding (should Berkshire have a representative on the Board of Directors, such amount is limited to 15%). In connection therewith, Berkshire has entered into an agreement with AXP which became effective when Berkshire's ownership interest in AXP voting securities reached 10% and will remain effective so long as Berkshire owns 5% or more of AXP's voting securities. The agreement obligates Berkshire, so long as Kenneth Chenault is chief executive officer of AXP, to vote its shares in accordance with the recommendations of AXP's Board of Directors. Additionally, subject to certain exceptions, Berkshire has agreed not to sell AXP common shares to any person who owns 5% or more of AXP voting securities or seeks to control AXP, without the consent of AXP.
** Net of unrealized losses of $77 million and $131 million as of December 31, 2000 and 1999, respectively.
(6) Realized investment gains (losses)
Realized gains (losses) from sales and redemptions of investments are summarized below (in millions):
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Equity securities and other investments ¾ |
|||
Gross realized gains |
$4,467 |
$1,507 |
$2,087 |
Gross realized losses |
(317) |
(77) |
(272) |
Securities with fixed maturities ¾ |
|||
Gross realized gains |
153 |
39 |
602 |
Gross realized losses |
(348 ) |
(104 ) |
(2) |
$3,955 |
$1,365 |
$2,415 | |
==== |
==== |
==== |
(7) Finance and financial products businesses
Assets and liabilities of Berkshire's finance and financial products businesses are summarized below (in millions).
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Assets |
||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ 341 |
$ 623 |
Investments in securities with fixed maturities: |
||
Held-to-maturity, at cost (fair value $1,897 in 2000; $1,930 in 1999) |
1,826 |
2,002 |
Trading, at fair value (cost $5,277 in 2000; $11,330 in 1999) |
5,327 |
11,277 |
Available-for-sale, at fair value (cost $880 in 2000; $997 in 1999) |
880 |
999 |
Trading account assets |
5,429 |
5,881 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
680 |
1,171 |
Other |
2,346 |
2,276 |
$16,829 |
$24,229 |
|
===== |
===== |
|
Liabilities |
||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
$ 3,386 |
$10,216 |
Securities sold but not yet purchased |
715 |
1,174 |
Trading account liabilities |
4,974 |
5,930 |
Notes payable and other borrowings* |
2,116 |
1,998 |
Annuity reserves and policyholder liabilities |
868 |
843 |
Other |
2,671 |
2,062 |
$14,730 |
$22,223 |
|
===== |
===== |
*Payments of principal amounts of notes payable and other borrowings during the next five years are as follows (in millions):
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
$629 |
$242 |
$651 |
$184 |
$ 1 |
Berkshire's finance and financial products businesses consist primarily of the financial products businesses of General Re, the consumer finance business of Scott Fetzer Financial Group, the real estate finance business of Berkshire Hathaway Credit Corporation, the financial instrument trading business of BH Finance and a life insurance subsidiary in the business of selling annuities. General Re's financial products businesses consist of the Gen Re Securities Holdings Limited ("GRS") group. Significant accounting policies and disclosures for these businesses are discussed below.
Investment securities (principally fixed maturity and equity investments) that are acquired for purposes of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities. Such assets are carried at fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities are included in income from finance and financial products businesses. Trading account assets and liabilities are marked-to-market on a daily basis and represent the estimated fair values of derivatives in net gain positions (assets) and in net loss positions (liabilities). The net gains and losses reflect reductions permitted under master netting agreements with counterparties.
Securities purchased under agreements to resell (assets) and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (liabilities) are accounted for as collateralized investments and borrowings and are recorded at the contractual resale or repurchase amounts plus accrued interest. Other investment securities owned and liabilities associated with investment securities sold but not yet purchased are carried at fair value.
GRS is engaged as a dealer in various types of derivative instruments, including interest rate, currency and equity swaps and options, as well as structured finance products. These instruments are carried at their current estimates of fair value, which is a function of underlying interest rates, currency rates, security values, volatilities and the creditworthiness of counterparties. Future changes in these factors or a combination thereof may affect the fair value of these instruments with any resulting adjustment to be included currently in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
Interest rate, currency and equity swaps are agreements between two parties to exchange, at particular intervals, payment streams calculated on a specified notional amount. Interest rate, currency and equity options grant the purchaser the right, but not the obligation, to either purchase from or sell to the writer a specified financial instrument under agreed terms. Interest rate caps and floors require the writer to pay the purchaser at specified future dates the amount, if any, by which the option's underlying market interest rate exceeds the fixed cap or falls below the fixed floor, applied to a notional amount.
Futures contracts are commitments to either purchase or sell a financial instrument at a future date for a specified price and are generally settled in cash. Forward-rate agreements are financial instruments that settle in cash at a specified future date based on the differential between agreed interest rates applied to a notional amount. Foreign exchange contracts generally involve the exchange of two currencies at agreed rates on a specified date; spot contracts usually require the exchange to occur within two business days of the contract date.
A summary of notional amounts of derivative contracts at December 31, 2000 and 1999 is included in the table below. For these transactions, the notional amount represents the principal volume, which is referenced by the counterparties in computing payments to be exchanged, and are not indicative of the Company's exposure to market or credit risk, future cash requirements or receipts from such transactions.
December 31, 2000 |
December 31, 1999 |
|
Interest rate and currency swap agreements |
$651,913 |
$531,645 |
Options written |
91,655 |
121,683 |
Options purchased |
102,743 |
151,006 |
Financial futures contracts: |
||
Commitments to purchase |
9,535 |
32,377 |
Commitments to sell |
17,069 |
11,368 |
Forward - rate agreements |
7,070 |
5,164 |
Foreign exchange spot and forward contracts |
6,163 |
10,430 |
The following tables disclose the net fair value or carrying amount at December 31, 2000 and 1999 as well as the average fair value during 2000 and 1999 for each class of derivative financial contract held or issued by GRS.
December 31, 2000 |
December 31, 1999 |
|||
Asset |
Liability |
Asset |
Liability |
|
(in millions) |
(in millions) |
|||
Interest rate and foreign currency swaps |
$16,840 |
$16,312 |
$22,593 |
$22,819 |
Interest rate and foreign currency options |
2,864 |
2,919 |
5,980 |
5,714 |
Gross fair value |
19,704 |
19,231 |
28,573 |
28,533 |
Adjustment for counterparty netting |
(14,275 ) |
(14,275 ) |
(22,692 ) |
(22,692 ) |
Net fair value |
5,429 |
4,956 |
5,881 |
5,841 |
Security receivables/payables |
¾ |
18 |
¾ |
89 |
Trading account assets/liabilities |
$ 5,429 |
$ 4,974 |
$ 5,881 |
$ 5,930 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
Average 2000 |
Average 1999 |
|||
Asset |
Liability |
Asset |
Liability |
|
(in millions) |
(in millions) |
|||
Interest rate and foreign currency swaps |
$20,431 |
$20,533 |
$23,213 |
$23,071 |
Interest rate and foreign currency options |
3,147 |
3,174 |
4,657 |
4,687 |
Gross fair value |
23,578 |
23,707 |
27,870 |
27,758 |
Adjustment for counterparty netting |
(17,960 ) |
(17,960 ) |
(22,579 ) |
(22,579 ) |
Net fair value |
5,618 |
5,747 |
5,291 |
5,179 |
Security receivables/payables |
98 |
40 |
85 |
111 |
Trading account assets/liabilities |
$ 5,716 |
$ 5,787 |
$ 5,376 |
$ 5,290 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
The derivative financial instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of market, credit, and legal risks. Market risk is the possibility that future changes in market conditions may make the derivative financial instrument less valuable. Credit risk is defined as the possibility that a loss may occur from the failure of another party to perform in accordance with the terms of the contract which exceeds the value of existing collateral, if any. The derivative's risk of credit loss is generally a small fraction of notional value of the instrument and is represented by the fair value of the derivative financial instrument. Legal risk arises from the uncertainty of the enforceability of the obligations of another party, including contractual provisions intended to reduce credit exposure by providing for the offsetting or netting of mutual obligations.
With respect to Berkshire's life insurance business, annuity reserves and policyholder liabilities are carried at the present value of the actuarially determined ultimate payment amounts discounted at market interest rates existing at the inception of the contracts. Such interest rates range from 5% to 8%. Periodic accretions of the discounted liabilities are charged against income from finance and financial products businesses.
Investments in securities with fixed maturities held by Berkshire's life insurance business are classified as held-to-maturity. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost reflecting the Company's ability and intent to hold such investments to maturity. Such items consist predominantly of mortgage loans and collateralized mortgage obligations.
(8) Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses
Supplemental data with respect to unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses of property/casualty insurance subsidiaries (in millions) is as follows:
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses: |
|||
Balance at beginning of year |
$26,802 |
$23,012 |
$6,850 |
Ceded liabilities and deferred charges |
(3,848) |
(2,727 ) |
(754 ) |
Net balance |
22,954 |
20,285 |
6,096 |
Incurred losses recorded: |
|||
Current accident year |
15,252 |
11,275 |
4,235 |
All prior accident years |
211 |
(192 ) |
(195 ) |
Total incurred losses |
15,463 |
11,083 |
4,040 |
Payments with respect to: |
|||
Current accident year |
4,589 |
3,648 |
1,919 |
All prior accident years |
5,890 |
4,532 |
1,834 |
Total payments |
10,479 |
8,180 |
3,753 |
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses: |
|||
Net balance at end of year |
27,938 |
23,188 |
6,383 |
Ceded liabilities and deferred charges |
5,590 |
3,848 |
2,727 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |
(722) |
(234) |
¾ |
Net liabilities assumed in connection with business acquisitions |
216 |
¾ |
13,902 |
Balance at end of year |
$33,022 |
$26,802 |
$23,012 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
Incurred losses "all prior accident years" reflects the amount of estimation error charged or credited to earnings in each year with respect to the liabilities established as of the beginning of that year. This amount includes amortization of deferred charges regarding retroactive reinsurance assumed and accretion of discounted liabilities. See Note 1 for additional information regarding these items. Additional information regarding incurred losses will be revealed over time and the estimates will be revised resulting in gains or losses in the periods made.
The balances of unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses are based upon estimates of the ultimate claim costs associated with claim occurrences as of the balance sheet dates. Considerable judgment is required to evaluate claims and establish estimated claim liabilities, particularly with respect to certain lines of business, such as reinsurance assumed, or certain types of claims, such as environmental or latent injury liabilities.
Berkshire continuously evaluates its liabilities and related reinsurance recoverable for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses, which arise from exposures in the U.S., as well as internationally. Environmental and latent injury exposures do not lend themselves to traditional methods of loss development determination and therefore reserve estimates related to these exposures may be considerably less reliable than for other lines of business (e.g., automobile). The effect of joint and several liability claims severity and a provision for inflation have been included in the loss development estimate. The Company has also established a liability for litigation costs associated with coverage disputes arising out of direct insurance policies.
The liabilities for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses net of related reinsurance recoverables were $4,444 million and $3,211 million, respectively, at December 31, 2000 and 1999. The liabilities recorded for environmental and latent injury claims and claim expenses are management's best estimate of future ultimate claim and claim expense payments and recoveries and are expected to develop over the next several decades.
Berkshire monitors evolving case law and its effect on environmental and latent injury claims. Changing government regulations, newly identified toxins, newly reported claims, new theories of liability, new contract interpretations and other factors could result in significant amounts of adverse development of the balance sheet liabilities. Such development could be material to Berkshire's results of operations. It is not possible to estimate reliably the amount of additional net loss, or the range of net loss, that is reasonably possible.
(9) Income taxes
The liability for income taxes as reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows (in millions):
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Payable currently |
$ 522 |
$ (27) |
Deferred |
9,603 |
9,593 |
$10,125 |
$9,566 |
|
===== |
===== |
The Consolidated Statements of Earnings reflect charges for income taxes as shown below (in millions):
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Federal |
$2,136 |
$ 748 |
$1,421 |
State |
32 |
43 |
31 |
Foreign |
(150 ) |
61 |
5 |
$2,018 |
$ 852 |
$1,457 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
|
Current |
$2,012 |
$1,189 |
$1,643 |
Deferred |
6 |
(337 ) |
(186 ) |
$2,018 |
$ 852 |
$1,457 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2000 and 1999 are shown below (in millions):
2000 |
1999 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||
Relating to unrealized appreciation of investments |
$9,571 |
$9,383 |
Deferred charges reinsurance assumed |
916 |
534 |
Investments |
441 |
644 |
Other |
717 |
74 |
11,645 |
10,635 |
|
Deferred tax assets: |
||
Unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses |
(1,061) |
(697) |
Unearned premiums |
(227) |
(205) |
Other |
(754 ) |
(140 ) |
(2,042 ) |
(1,042 ) |
|
Net deferred tax liability |
$9,603 |
$9,593 |
|
===== |
===== |
Charges for income taxes are reconciled to hypothetical amounts computed at the federal statutory rate in the table shown below (in millions):
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Earnings before income taxes |
$5,587 |
$2,450 |
$4,314 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
Hypothetical amounts applicable to above |
$1,955 |
$ 858 |
$1,510 |
Decreases resulting from: |
|||
Tax-exempt interest income |
(135) |
(145) |
(30) |
Dividends received deduction |
(116) |
(95) |
(78) |
Goodwill amortization |
240 |
161 |
39 |
State income taxes, less federal income tax benefit |
21 |
28 |
20 |
Foreign tax rate differential |
34 |
45 |
¾ |
Other differences, net |
19 |
¾ |
(4 ) |
Total income taxes |
$2,018 |
$ 852 |
$1,457 |
|
===== |
==== |
==== |
(10) Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt
Liabilities for this balance sheet caption are as follows (in millions):
Dec. 31, |
Dec. 31, |
|
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings |
$ 991 |
$ 484 |
Borrowings under investment agreements |
508 |
613 |
1% Senior Exchangeable Notes due 2001 ("Exchange Notes") |
235 |
449 |
General Re Corporation 9% debentures due 2009 (non-callable) |
150 |
150 |
GEICO Corporation 7.35% debentures due 2023 (non-callable) |
160 |
160 |
Other debt due 2001 - 2028 |
619 |
609 |
$2,663 |
$2,465 |
|
==== |
==== |
Commercial paper and other short-term borrowings are obligations of several Berkshire subsidiaries that utilize short-term borrowings as part of their day-to-day business operations. The obligations are, in most instances, guaranteed by Berkshire. Berkshire affiliates have approximately $4 billion available unused lines of credit to support their short-term borrowing programs and, otherwise, provide additional liquidity.
Borrowings under investment agreements are made pursuant to contracts calling for interest payable, normally semiannually, at fixed rates ranging from 2.5% to 8.6% per annum. Contractual maturities of borrowings under investment agreements generally range from 3 months to 30 years. Under certain conditions, these borrowings are redeemable prior to the contractual maturity dates.
Under certain conditions, each $1,000 par amount Exchange Note is currently exchangeable at the option of the holder or redeemable at the option of Berkshire into 59.833 shares of Citigroup common stock or at Berkshire's option, at the equivalent value in cash. The carrying value of the Exchange Notes is equal to the value of the Citigroup shares into which they can be exchanged.
Other debt includes variable and fixed rate term bonds and notes issued by a variety of Berkshire subsidiaries. These obligations generally may be redeemed prior to maturity at the option of the issuing company.
No materially restrictive covenants are included in any of the various debt agreements. Payments of principal amounts expected during the next five years are as follows (in millions):
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005 |
$1,271 |
$22 |
$46 |
$24 |
$266 |
(11) Dividend restrictions - Insurance subsidiaries
Payments of dividends by insurance subsidiaries members are restricted by insurance statutes and regulations. Without prior regulatory approval, Berkshire can receive up to approximately $1.1 billion as dividends from insurance subsidiaries during 2001. During 2000, subsidiaries declared approximately $4.8 billion in dividends, of which $2 billion was paid in 2001.
Combined shareholders' equity of U.S. based property/casualty insurance subsidiaries determined pursuant to statutory accounting rules (Statutory Surplus as Regards Policyholders) was approximately $41.5 billion at December 31, 2000. This amount differs from the corresponding amount determined on the basis of GAAP. The major differences between statutory basis accounting and GAAP are that deferred income tax assets and liabilities, deferred charges-reinsurance assumed, unrealized gains and losses on investments in securities with fixed maturities and goodwill of acquired businesses are recognized under GAAP but not for statutory reporting purposes.
Effective January 1, 2001, Berkshire's insurance companies will be required to adopt several new accounting policies as a result of the completion of the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles ("SAP") by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. The most significant new accounting policy affecting Berkshire's insurance companies will be the requirement to record deferred income tax liabilities, including amounts related to unrealized gains in investment securities. Deferred tax liabilities were previously not recognized under SAP.
As a result, the combined statutory surplus of Berkshire's insurance businesses will decline significantly in 2001. Berkshire estimates that the combined surplus of the group would approximate $33 billion at December 31, 2000 under the new statutory accounting rules.
(12) Common stock
Changes in issued and outstanding common stock of the Company during the three years ended December 31, 2000 are shown in the table below.
Class B Common |
||||
$0.1667 Par Value |
||||
Class A Common, $5 Par Value |
(55,000,000 shares |
|||
(1,650,000 shares authorized) |
authorized) |
|||
Shares |
Treasury |
Shares |
Shares Issued and |
|
Issued |
Shares |
Outstanding |
Outstanding |
|
Balance December 31, 1997 |
1,366,090 |
168,202 |
1,197,888 |
1,087,156 |
Common stock issued in connection |
168,670 |
(9,709) |
178,379 |
3,174,677 |
Conversions of Class A common stock |
(26,732) |
(26,732) |
808,546 |
|
Retirement of treasury shares |
(158,493 ) |
(158,493 ) |
|
|
Balance December 31, 1998 |
1,349,535 |
0 |
1,349,535 |
5,070,379 |
Conversions of Class A common stock |
(7,872 ) |
|
(7,872 ) |
296,576 |
Balance December 31, 1999 |
1,341,663 |
0 |
1,341,663 |
5,366,955 |
Common stock issued in connection |
3,572 |
3,572 |
1,626 |
|
Conversions of Class A common stock |
(1,331 ) |
(1,331 ) |
101,205 |
|
Balance December 31, 2000 |
1,343,904 |
0 |
1,343,904 |
5,469,786 |
|
======= |
====== |
======= |
======= |
Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty shares of Class B Common Stock. Class B Common Stock is not convertible into Class A Common Stock. Each share of Class B Common Stock possesses voting rights equivalent to one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a share of Class A Common Stock. Class A and Class B common shares vote together as a single class.
In connection with the General Re merger, all shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock of the Company outstanding immediately prior to the effective date of the merger were canceled and replaced with new Class A and Class B common shares and all Class A treasury shares were canceled and retired. See Note 2 for information regarding the General Re merger.
(13) Fair values of financial instruments
The estimated fair values of Berkshire's financial instruments as of December 31, 2000 and 1999, are as follows (in millions):
Carrying Value |
Fair Value |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
2000 |
1999 |
|
Investments in securities with fixed maturities |
$32,567 |
$30,222 |
$32,567 |
$30,222 |
Investments in equity securities |
37,619 |
37,772 |
37,619 |
37,772 |
Assets of finance and financial products businesses |
16,829 |
24,229 |
16,913 |
24,167 |
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt |
2,663 |
2,465 |
2,704 |
2,418 |
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses |
14,730 |
22,223 |
14,896 |
22,151 |
In determining fair value of financial instruments, Berkshire used quoted market prices when available. For instruments where quoted market prices were not available, independent pricing services or appraisals by Berkshire's management were used. Those services and appraisals reflected the estimated present values utilizing current risk adjusted market rates of similar instruments. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities are deemed to be reasonable estimates of their fair values.
Considerable judgment is necessarily required in interpreting market data used to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that could be realized in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value.
(14) Litigation
GEICO has been named as a defendant in a number of class action lawsuits related to the use of repair parts not produced by original equipment manufacturers in connection with settlement of collision damage claims. A number of the lawsuits have been dismissed. The remaining lawsuits are in the early stages of development and the ultimate outcome of any case cannot be reasonably determined at this time. Management intends to defend vigorously GEICO's position of recommending use of after-market parts in certain auto accident repairs.
Berkshire and its subsidiaries are parties in a variety of legal actions arising out of the normal course of business. In particular, and in common with the insurance industry in general, such legal actions affect Berkshire's insurance and reinsurance businesses. Such litigation generally seeks to establish liability directly through insurance contracts or indirectly through reinsurance contracts issued by Berkshire subsidiaries. Plaintiffs occasionally seek punitive or exemplary damages. Berkshire does not believe that such normal and routine litigation will have a material effect on its financial condition or results of operations.
(15) Insurance premium and supplemental cash flow information
Premiums written and earned by Berkshire's property/casualty and life/health insurance businesses during each of the three years ending December 31, 2000 are summarized below. Dollars are in millions.
Property/Casualty |
Life/Health |
|||||
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Premiums Written: (1) (2) |
||||||
Direct |
$ 6,858 |
$ 5,798 |
$4,503 |
|||
Assumed |
11,270 |
7,951 |
1,184 |
$2,520 |
$1,981 |
$46 |
Ceded |
(729 ) |
(818 ) |
(83 ) |
(257 ) |
(245 ) |
(5) |
$17,399 |
$12,931 |
$5,604 |
$2,263 |
$1,736 |
$41 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
=== |
|
Premiums Earned: (2) |
||||||
Direct |
$ 6,666 |
$ 5,606 |
$4,382 |
|||
Assumed |
11,036 |
7,762 |
1,147 |
$2,513 |
$1,971 |
$45 |
Ceded |
(620 ) |
(788 ) |
(89 ) |
(252 ) |
(245 ) |
(4) |
$17,082 |
$12,580 |
$5,440 |
$2,261 |
$1,726 |
$41 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
=== |
(1)
Prior to 1999, Berkshire's insurance premium revenues were predominantly derived in the United States. Insurance premiums written by geographic region (based upon the domicile of the ceding company) are summarized below.
Property/Casualty |
Life/Health |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
2000 |
1999 |
|
United States |
$11,409 |
$ 8,862 |
$1,296 |
$ 970 |
Western Europe |
5,064 * |
2,000 |
633 |
539 |
All other |
926 |
2,069 |
334 |
227 |
$17,399 |
$12,931 |
$2,263 |
$1,736 |
|
===== |
===== |
===== |
===== |
*Premiums attributed to Western Europe include $2,438 from a single reinsurance policy.
(2)
See Note 1(a) for information related to General Re's international property/casualty and global life/health business.A summary of supplemental cash flow information is presented in the following table (in millions):
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Cash paid during the year for: |
|||
Income taxes |
$1,396 |
$2,215 |
$1,703 |
Interest of finance and financial products businesses |
794 |
513 |
21 |
Other interest |
157 |
136 |
111 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
|||
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
901 |
61 |
36,064 |
Common shares issued in connection with acquisitions of businesses |
224 |
¾ |
22,795 |
Contingent value of Exchange Notes recognized in earnings |
117 |
87 |
54 |
Value of equity securities used to redeem Exchange Notes |
278 |
298 |
344 |
(16) Business Segment Data
SFAS No. 131 requires certain disclosures about operating segments in a manner that is consistent with how management evaluates the performance of the segment. Information related to Berkshire's reportable business operating segments is shown below.
Business Identity |
Business Activity |
GEICO |
Underwriting private passenger automobile insurance mainly by direct response methods |
General Re |
Underwriting excess-of-loss, quota-share and facultative reinsurance worldwide |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
Underwriting excess-of-loss and quota-share reinsurance for property and casualty insurers and reinsurers |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
Underwriting multiple lines of property and casualty insurance policies for primarily commercial accounts |
FlightSafety and Executive Jet ("Flight Services") |
Training to operators of aircraft and ships and providing fractional ownership programs for general aviation aircraft |
Nebraska Furniture Mart, R.C. Willey Home Furnishings, Star Furniture Company, Jordan's Furniture, Borsheim's, Helzberg's Diamond Shops and Ben Bridge Jeweler ("Retail Businesses") |
Retail sales of home furnishings, appliances, electronics, fine jewelry and gifts |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
Diversified manufacturing and distribution of various consumer and commercial products with principal brand names including Kirby and Campbell Hausfeld |
Other businesses not specifically identified above consist of: Buffalo News, a daily newspaper publisher in Western New York; International Dairy Queen, which licenses and services a system of almost 6,000 Dairy Queen stores; See's Candies, a manufacturer and distributor of boxed chocolates and other confectionery products; H.H. Brown Shoe, Lowell Shoe, Dexter Shoe and Justin Brands, manufacturers and distributors of footwear and Acme Building Brands, a manufacturer and distributor of building materials. This group of businesses also includes several independently operated finance and financial products businesses. In 2000, other businesses also include CORT Business Services, a leading national provider of rental furniture and related services and Benjamin Moore, a formulator, manufacturer and retailer of a range of architectural and industrial coatings and paints.
General Re's reinsurance business is included as a separate reportable segment beginning in 1999.
A disaggregation of Berkshire's consolidated data for each of the three most recent years is presented in the tables which follow on this and the following page. Amounts are in millions.
Revenues |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Operating Segments: | |||
Insurance group: | |||
Premiums earned: | |||
GEICO | $ 5,610 | $ 4,757 | $ 4,033 |
General Re ** | 8,696 | 6,905 |
¾ |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group | 4,705 | 2,382 | 939 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group | 332 | 262 | 328 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income | 2,810 | 2,500 | 982 |
Total insurance group | 22,153 | 16,806 | 6,282 |
Flight services | 2,279 | 1,856 | 858 |
Retail businesses | 1,864 | 1,402 | 1,213 |
Scott Fetzer Companies | 963 | 1,021 | 1,002 |
Other businesses |
2,780 |
1,763 | 1,792 |
30,039 | 22,848 | 11,147 | |
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: | |||
Realized investment gain | 3,955 | 1,365 | 2,415 |
Other revenues | 118 | 40 | 276 |
Purchase-accounting adjustments | (136) | (225) | (6) |
$33,976 | $24,028 | $13,832 | |
===== | ===== | ===== | |
Operating Profit before Taxes |
|||
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
|
Operating Segments: | |||
Insurance group operating profit: | |||
Underwriting profit(loss): | |||
GEICO | $ (224) | $ 24 | $ 269 |
General Re ** | (1,224) | (1,184) |
¾ |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group | (175) | (256) | (21) |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group | 38 | 22 | 17 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income | 2,787 | 2,482 | 974 |
Total insurance group operating profit | 1,202 | 1,088 | 1,239 |
Flight services | 213 | 225 | 181 |
Retail businesses | 175 | 130 | 110 |
Scott Fetzer Companies | 122 | 147 | 137 |
Other businesses | 781 | 335 | 432 |
2,493 | 1,925 | 2,099 | |
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: | |||
Realized investment gain | 3,955 | 1,365 | 2,415 |
Interest expense * | (92) | (109) | (100) |
Corporate and other | 87 | 8 | 23 |
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting adjustments | (856) | (739) | (123) |
$ 5,587 | $ 2,450 | $ 4,314 | |
==== | ==== | ==== |
*Amounts of interest expense represent interest on borrowings under investment agreements and other debt exclusive of that of finance businesses and interest allocated to certain businesses.
**See Note 1(a) for additional information concerning the reporting of General Re's international property/casualty and global life/health businesses.
Deprec. & amort. |
||||||
Capital expenditures * |
of tangible assets |
|||||
Operating Segments: |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
Insurance group: |
||||||
GEICO |
$ 29 |
$ 87 |
$ 101 |
$ 64 |
$ 40 |
$ 27 |
General Re |
22 |
17 |
¾ |
39 |
25 |
¾ |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
4 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
Total insurance group |
55 |
105 |
102 |
104 |
66 |
28 |
Flight services |
472 |
323 |
213 |
90 |
77 |
58 |
Retail businesses |
45 |
55 |
33 |
31 |
27 |
23 |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
11 |
14 |
10 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
Other businesses |
47 |
33 |
41 |
46 |
33 |
25 |
630 |
530 |
399 |
281 |
214 |
145 |
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
||||||
Corporate and other |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
1 |
2 |
Purchase-accounting adjustments |
¾ |
¾ |
¾ |
1 |
3 |
8 |
$ 630 |
$ 530 |
$ 399 |
$ 282 |
$ 218 |
$ 155 |
|
=== |
=== |
=== |
=== |
=== |
=== |
*Excludes expenditures which were part of business acquisitions.
Identifiable assets |
|||
at year-end |
|||
Operating Segments: |
2000 |
1999 |
1998 |
Insurance group: |
|||
GEICO |
$ 10,569 |
$ 9,381 |
$ 8,663 |
General Re |
31,594 |
30,168 |
32,011 |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
45,775 |
39,607 |
36,611 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
4,168 |
4,866 |
5,564 |
Total insurance group |
92,106 |
84,022 |
82,849 |
Flight services |
2,336 |
1,790 |
1,345 |
Retail businesses |
1,154 |
906 |
723 |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
295 |
298 |
242 |
Other businesses |
18,647 |
24,947 |
17,376 |
114,538 |
111,963 |
102,535 |
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amount: |
|||
Corporate and other |
2,313 |
945 |
938 |
Goodwill and other purchase-accounting adjustments |
18,941 |
18,508 |
18,764 |
$135,792 |
$131,416 |
$122,237 |
|
====== |
====== |
====== |
(17) Quarterly data
A summary of revenues and earnings by quarter for each of the last two years is presented in the following table. This information is unaudited. Dollars are in millions, except per share amounts.
1st |
2nd |
3rd |
4th |
|
2000 |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Quarter |
Revenues |
$6,474 |
$6,553 |
$8,426 |
$12,523 |
Earnings: |
||||
Excluding realized investment gain |
$ 354 |
$ 245 |
$ 301 |
$ 36 |
Realized investment gain * |
453 |
395 |
496 |
1,048 |
Net earnings |
$ 807 |
$ 640 |
$ 797 |
$ 1,084 |
|
==== |
==== |
==== |
==== |
Earnings per equivalent Class A common share: |
||||
Excluding realized investment gain |
$ 233 |
$ 161 |
$ 197 |
$ 23 |
Realized investment gain * |
298 |
260 |
326 |
687 |
Net earnings |
$ 531 |
$ 421 |
$ 523 |
$ 710 |
==== |
==== |
==== |
==== |
|
1999 |
||||
Revenues |
$5,446 |
$5,461 |
$7,051 |
$6,070 |
Earnings: |
||||
Excluding realized investment gain |
$ 294 |
$ 299 |
$ 156 |
$ (78) |
Realized investment gain * |
247 |
273 |
264 |
102 |
Net earnings |
$ 541 |
$ 572 |
$ 420 |
$ 24 |
|
==== |
==== |
==== |
==== |
Earnings per equivalent Class A common share: |
||||
Excluding realized investment gain |
$ 194 |
$ 197 |
$ 103 |
$ (52) |
Realized investment gain * |
162 |
179 |
173 |
69 |
Net earnings |
$ 356 |
$ 376 |
$ 276 |
$ 17 |
|
==== |
==== |
==== |
=== |
*The amount of realized gain for any given period has no predictive value and variations in amount from period to period have no practical analytical value particularly in view of the unrealized appreciation now existing in Berkshire's consolidated investment portfolio.
(18) Subsequent event
On February 26, 2001, Berkshire and Leucadia National Corporation, through a jointly owned entity, entered into a commitment letter with FINOVA Group and its subsidiary FINOVA Capital Corporation to loan $6 billion to FINOVA Capital on a senior secured basis. The loan commitment was made in connection with a proposed restructuring of all of FINOVA Capital's outstanding bank debt and publicly traded debt securities and is subject to bankruptcy court approval and various other conditions.
The $6 billion term loan will be made by Berkadia LLC, an entity formed for this purpose and owned jointly by BH Finance, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Berkshire and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Leucadia. Berkadia has received a $60 million commitment fee and, in addition to certain other fees, will receive an additional $60 million fee upon funding of the loan. Berkadia's commitment for the loan has been guaranteed by Berkshire and Leucadia and expires on August 31, 2001, or earlier, if certain conditions are not satisfied. Berkadia expects to finance its funding commitment and Berkshire will provide Berkadia's lenders with a 90% primary guarantee of such financing, with Leucadia providing a 10% primary guarantee and Berkshire providing a secondary guarantee of Leucadia's guarantee.
The term loan will be secured by all assets of FINOVA Capital and will bear interest at an annual rate equal to the greater of 9% or LIBOR plus 3%. In addition, an annual facility fee will be payable at the rate of 25 basis points on the outstanding principal amount of the term loan. After payment of accrued interest on the term loan and operating and other corporate expenses, providing for reserves and payment of accrued interest on the restructured FINOVA Group senior notes, 100% of excess cash flow and net proceeds from asset sales will be used to make mandatory prepayments of principal on the term loan without premium. Any remaining principal and accrued and unpaid interest on the term loan will be due at maturity (five years from the closing).