CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
March 31, |
December 31, |
|
2000 | 1999 | |
ASSETS | ||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ 2,891 | $ 3,835 |
Investments: | ||
Securities with fixed maturities |
29,949 | 30,222 |
Equity securities |
34,516 | 37,772 |
Other |
2,979 |
1,736 |
Receivables |
8,427 |
8,558 |
Inventories |
1,076 |
844 |
Assets of finance and financial products businesses |
29,892 |
24,229 |
Property, plant and equipment |
2,034 |
1,903 |
Goodwill of acquired businesses |
18,409 |
18,281 |
Other assets |
4,028 |
4,036 |
$134,201 |
$131,416 |
|
====== | ====== | |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||
Losses and loss adjustment expenses |
$ 26,921 |
$ 26,802 |
Unearned premiums |
3,865 |
3,718 |
Accounts payable, accruals and other liabilities |
6,901 |
7,458 |
Income taxes, principally deferred |
8,766 |
9,566 |
Borrowings under investment agreements and other debt |
2,354 |
2,465 |
Liabilities of finance and financial products businesses |
27,781 |
22,223 |
76,588 |
72,232 |
|
Minority shareholders’ interests |
1,324 |
1,423 |
Shareholders’ equity: |
||
Common Stock: * |
||
Class A Common Stock, $5 par value and Class B |
||
Common Stock, $0.1667 par value |
8 |
8 |
Capital in excess of par value |
25,219 |
25,209 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
14,934 |
17,223 |
Retained earnings |
16,128 |
15,321 |
Total shareholders’ equity |
56,289 |
57,761 |
$134,201 |
$131,416 |
|
====== | ====== |
* Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,520,807 shares outstanding at March 31, 2000 and 1,520,562 shares outstanding at December 31, 1999.
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS
(dollars in millions except per share amounts)
First Quarter |
||
2000 |
1999 |
|
Revenues: |
||
Insurance premiums earned |
$3,220 |
$3,070 |
Sales and service revenues |
1,602 |
1,341 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income |
634 |
573 |
Income from finance and financial products businesses |
282 |
59 |
Realized investment gain |
736 |
403 |
6,474 |
5,446 |
|
Cost and expenses: |
||
Insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses |
2,677 |
2,441 |
Insurance underwriting expenses |
871 |
769 |
Cost of products and services sold |
1,088 |
934 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |
378 |
269 |
Goodwill amortization |
122 |
118 |
Interest expense |
33 |
33 |
5,169 |
4,564 |
|
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest |
1,305 |
882 |
Income taxes |
464 |
327 |
Minority interest |
34 |
14 |
Net earnings |
$ 807 |
$ 541 |
==== | ==== | |
Average shares outstanding * |
1,520,680 |
1,518,897 |
Net earnings per share * |
$ 531 |
$ 356 |
==== | ==== |
* Average shares outstanding include average Class A Common shares and average Class B Common shares determined on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis. Net earnings per share shown above represents net earnings per equivalent Class A Common share. Net earnings per Class B Common share is equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of such amount.
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(dollars in millions)
First Quarter |
||
2000 |
1999 |
|
Net cash flows from operating activities |
$ 276 |
$ (165) |
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||
Purchases of investments |
(6,645) |
(1,323) |
Proceeds on sales and maturities of investments |
5,608 |
2,648 |
Loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
(249) |
(149) |
Principal collections on loans and investments originated in finance businesses |
360 |
228 |
Acquisition of businesses |
(381) |
¾ |
Other |
(66) |
(100) |
Net cash flows from investing activities |
(1,373) |
1,304 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||
Proceeds from borrowings of finance businesses |
73 |
94 |
Proceeds from other borrowings |
404 |
563 |
Repayments of borrowings of finance businesses |
(2) |
(12) |
Repayments of other borrowings |
(461) |
(575) |
Other |
49 |
(192) |
Net cash flows from financing activities |
63 |
(122) |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
(1,034) |
1,017 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year* |
4,458 |
14,489 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of first quarter* |
$3,424 |
$15,506 |
===== | ====== | |
Supplemental cash flow information: |
||
Cash paid during the period for: |
||
Income taxes |
$ 13 |
$974 |
Interest of finance and financial products businesses |
213 |
31 |
Other interest |
46 |
44 |
Non-cash investing activity: |
||
Liabilities assumed in connection with acquisition of businesses |
162 |
¾ |
Contingent value of Exchange Notes recognized in earnings |
57 |
¾ |
Value of equity securities used to redeem Exchange Notes |
145 |
¾ |
*Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of the following: |
||
Beginning of year ¾ |
||
Finance and financial products businesses |
$ 623 |
$ 907 |
Other |
3,835 |
13,582 |
$4,458 |
$14,489 |
|
===== | ====== | |
End of first quarter ¾ |
||
Finance and financial products businesses |
$ 533 |
$1,299 |
Other |
2,891 |
14,207 |
$3,424 |
$15,506 |
|
===== | ====== |
See accompanying Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
Notes to Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
March 31, 2000
Note 1. General
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Berkshire consolidated with the accounts of all its subsidiaries. Reference is made to Berkshire's most recently issued Annual Report that included information necessary or useful to understanding of Berkshire's businesses and financial statement presentations. In particular, Berkshire's significant accounting policies and practices were presented as Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in that Report.
Financial information in this Report reflects any adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to a fair statement of results for the interim periods in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
For a number of reasons, Berkshire's results for interim periods are not normally indicative of results to be expected for the year. The timing and magnitude of catastrophe losses incurred by insurance subsidiaries and the estimation error inherent to the process of determining liabilities for unpaid losses of insurance subsidiaries can be relatively more significant to results of interim periods than to results for a full year. Realized investment gains/losses are recorded when investments are sold, other-than-temporarily impaired or in certain situations, as required by GAAP, when investments are marked-to-market with the corresponding gain or loss included in earnings. Variations in amount and timing of realized investment gains/losses can cause significant variations in periodic net earnings.
In June 1999, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Statement of Accounting Standards No. 137 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities-Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133" ("SFAS No. 137"). FASB Statement No. 133 was discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Berkshire's 1999 Annual Report. SFAS No. 137 delays the effective date for implementing SFAS No. 133 and Berkshire will adopt the requirements of SFAS No. 133 as of the beginning of 2001.
Note 2. Investment in MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company
On October 24, 1999, Berkshire entered into an agreement along with Walter Scott, Jr. and David L. Sokol, to acquire MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company ("MidAmerican"). On January 27, 2000, the transaction was approved by the shareholders of MidAmerican. All regulatory approvals were subsequently received and the transaction closed March 14, 2000. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement, Berkshire invested approximately $1.24 billion in common stock and a non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock of a newly formed entity that merged with and into MidAmerican, with MidAmerican continuing as the surviving corporation. Such investment gives Berkshire about a 9.7% voting interest and a 76% economic interest in MidAmerican on a fully-diluted basis. Berkshire subsidiaries also acquired approximately $455 million of an 11% non-transferable trust preferred security. Under certain conditions, for a period of up to seven years subsequent to the transaction, Berkshire may be required to purchase up to $345 million of additional trust preferred securities. Mr. Scott, a member of Berkshire’s Board of Directors, controls approximately 86% of the voting interest in MidAmerican. Mr. Sokol is the CEO of MidAmerican.
Through its retail utility subsidiaries, MidAmerican Energy in the U.S. and Northern Electric in the U.K., MidAmerican provides electric service to approximately 2.0 million customers and natural gas service to 1.2 million customers worldwide. MidAmerican manages, owns interests in and has under contract approximately 9,700 net megawatts of diversified power generation facilities in operation, construction and development.
Berkshire’s investments in MidAmerican common and non-dividend paying convertible preferred stock are included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet as a component of other investments. Berkshire is accounting for these investments pursuant to the equity method. Accordingly, Berkshire’s proportionate share of MidAmerican’s net income is included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings as a component of interest, dividend and other investment income.
The investments in MidAmerican’s 11% trust preferred securities are reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheet as a component of investments in securities with fixed maturities. Income derived from these investments is included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings as a component of interest, dividend and other investment income.
Note 3. Investments in securities with fixed maturities
Data with respect to investments in securities with fixed maturities (other than securities with fixed maturities held by finance and financial products businesses — See Note 8) are shown in the tabulation below (in millions).
March 31, |
December 31, |
|
2000 |
1999 |
|
Amortized cost |
$30,896 |
$31,429 |
Gross unrealized gains |
36 |
51 |
Gross unrealized losses |
(983) |
(1,258) |
Estimated fair value |
$29,949 |
$30,222 |
====== | ====== |
Note 4. Investments in equity securities
Data with respect to investments in equity securities are shown in the tabulation below (in millions).
March 31, |
December 31, |
|
2000 |
1999 |
|
Total cost |
$10,162 |
$9,674 |
Gross unrealized gains |
24,487 |
28,229 |
Gross unrealized losses |
(133) |
(131) |
Total fair value |
$34,516 |
$37,772 |
====== | ====== | |
Fair value: |
||
American Express Company |
$7,527 |
$ 8,402 |
The Coca-Cola Company |
9,388 |
11,650 |
The Gillette Company |
3,618 |
3,954 |
Other equity securities |
13,983 |
13,766 |
Total |
$34,516 |
$37,772 |
====== | ====== |
Note 5. Deferred income tax liabilities
The tax effects of significant items comprising Berkshire’s net deferred tax liabilities as of March 31, 2000 and December 31, 1999 are as follows (in millions):
March 31, |
December 31, |
|
2000 |
1999 |
|
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||
Relating to unrealized appreciation of investments |
$8,172 |
$9,383 |
Other |
1,417 |
1,252 |
9,589 |
10,635 |
|
Deferred tax assets |
(1,087) |
(1,042) |
Net deferred tax liabilities |
$8,502 |
$9,593 |
====== | ====== |
Note 6. Common stock
The following table summarizes Berkshire's common stock activity during the first quarter of 2000.
Class A Common Stock |
Class B Common Stock |
|
(1,650,000 shares authorized) |
(55,000,000 shares authorized) |
|
Issued and Outstanding |
Issued and Outstanding |
|
Balance at December 31, 1999 |
1,341,663 |
5,366,955 |
Conversions of Class A Common Stock |
||
to Class B Common Stock and other |
(665) |
27,307 |
Balance at March 31, 2000 |
1,340,998 |
5,394,262 |
======== | ======== |
Each share of Class A Common Stock is convertible, at the option of the holder, into thirty shares of Class B Common Stock. Class B Common Stock is not convertible into Class A Common Stock. Class B Common Stock has economic rights equal to one-thirtieth (1/30) of the economic rights of Class A Common Stock. Accordingly, on an equivalent Class A Common Stock basis, there are 1,520,807 shares outstanding at March 31, 2000 and 1,520,562 shares outstanding at December 31, 1999.
Each Class A Common share is entitled to one vote per share. Each Class B Common share possesses the voting rights of one-two-hundredth (1/200) of the voting rights of a Class A share. Class A and Class B Common shares vote together as a single class.
Note 7. Comprehensive income
Berkshire’s comprehensive income for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 is shown in the table below (in millions). Other comprehensive income consists of unrealized gains and losses on investments and foreign currency translation adjustments associated with foreign-based business operations.
2000 |
1999 |
|||||
Net earnings |
$ 807 |
$ 541 |
||||
Other comprehensive income: |
||||||
Decrease in unrealized appreciation of investments |
(3,536) |
(106) |
||||
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
1,252 |
45 |
||||
Foreign currency translation losses |
(25) |
(21) |
||||
Applicable income taxes and minority interests |
20 |
5 |
||||
(2,289) |
(77) |
|||||
Comprehensive income |
$(1,482) |
$464 |
||||
====== | ==== |
Note 8. Finance and financial products businesses
Assets and liabilities of Berkshire's finance and financial products businesses are summarized below (in millions).
March 31, |
December 31, |
|
2000 |
1999 |
|
Assets |
||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ 533 |
$ 623 |
Investments in securities with fixed maturities: |
||
Held to maturity, at cost |
1,767 |
2,002 |
Trading, at fair value |
15,066 |
11,277 |
Available for sale, at fair value |
1,053 |
999 |
Trading account assets |
5,917 |
5,881 |
Securities purchased under agreements to resell |
2,502 |
1,171 |
Other |
3,054 |
2,276 |
$29,892 |
$24,229 |
|
====== | ====== | |
Liabilities |
||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |
$15,052 |
$10,216 |
Securities sold but not yet purchased |
1,448 |
1,174 |
Trading account liabilities |
6,166 |
5,930 |
Notes payable and other borrowings |
1,923 |
1,998 |
Annuity reserves and policyholder liabilities |
849 |
843 |
Other |
2,343 |
2,062 |
$27,781 |
$22,223 |
|
====== | ====== |
Note 9. Business Segment Data
A disaggregation of Berkshire’s consolidated data for the first quarter of each of the two most recent years is as follows. Amounts are in millions.
Revenues |
||
2000 |
1999 |
|
Operating Segments: |
||
Insurance: |
||
GEICO * |
$1,308 |
$1,101 |
General Re * |
1,680 |
1,551 |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group * |
164 |
367 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group * |
68 |
51 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income |
654 |
603 |
Total insurance revenues |
3,874 |
3,673 |
Buffalo News |
37 |
37 |
Flight services |
508 |
431 |
Furniture |
337 |
191 |
International Dairy Queen |
113 |
101 |
Jewelry |
102 |
86 |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
263 |
253 |
See's Candies |
59 |
65 |
Shoe group |
126 |
125 |
5,419 |
4,962 |
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amounts: |
||
Other revenues |
355 |
118 |
Realized investment gain |
736 |
403 |
Purchase-accounting-adjustments |
(36) |
(37) |
$6,474 |
$5,446 |
|
====== | ====== |
*Represents insurance premiums earned
Operating profit before Taxes |
||
Operating Segments: |
||
2000 |
1999 |
|
Insurance: |
||
GEICO ** |
$ (86) |
$ -0- |
General Re ** |
(273) |
(136) |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group ** |
32 |
7 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group ** |
(1) |
2 |
Interest, dividend and other investment income |
651 |
600 |
Total insurance operating profit |
323 |
473 |
Buffalo News |
12 |
12 |
Flight services |
58 |
52 |
Furniture |
30 |
15 |
International Dairy Queen |
(17) |
10 |
Jewelry |
5 |
2 |
Scott Fetzer Companies |
35 |
32 |
See's Candies |
4 |
9 |
Shoe group |
3 |
6 |
453 |
611 |
|
Reconciliation of segments to consolidated amounts: |
||
Realized investment gain |
736 |
403 |
Interest expense *** |
(24) |
(28) |
Corporate and other |
298 |
61 |
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting-adjustments |
(158) |
(165) |
$1,305 |
$ 882 |
|
===== | ==== |
** Represents underwriting profit (loss)
*** Excludes interest expense allocated to finance businesses and certain identifiable segments
Management's Discussion
March 31, 2000
Results of Operations
Net earnings for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are disaggregated in the table that follows. Amounts are after deducting minority interests and income taxes. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Insurance segments - underwriting |
$(212) |
$ (86) |
Insurance segments - investment income |
452 |
427 |
Non-insurance business segments |
79 |
84 |
Interest expense |
(14) |
(18) |
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting-adjustments |
(142) |
(149) |
Other |
191 |
36 |
Earnings before realized investment gain |
354 |
294 |
Realized investment gain |
453 |
247 |
Net earnings |
$ 807 |
$ 541 |
==== | ==== |
Insurance Segments ¾ Underwriting
A summary follows of underwriting results from Berkshire’s insurance segments for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Underwriting gain (loss) attributable to: |
||
GEICO |
$ (86) |
$ -0- |
General Re |
(273) |
(136) |
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group |
32 |
7 |
Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group |
(1) |
2 |
Pre-tax underwriting loss |
(328) |
(127) |
Income taxes and minority interest |
(116) |
(41) |
Net underwriting loss |
$ (212) |
$ (86) |
===== | ==== |
Berkshire engages in both primary insurance and reinsurance of property and casualty risks. Through General Re, Berkshire also reinsures life and health risks. In primary insurance activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of the risks of loss from persons or organizations that are directly subject to the risks. In reinsurance activities, Berkshire subsidiaries assume defined portions of similar or dissimilar risks that other insurers or reinsurers have subjected themselves to in their own insuring activities. Berkshire’s principal insurance businesses are: (1) GEICO, the sixth largest auto insurer in the United States, (2) General Re, one of the four largest reinsurers in the world, (3) Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group ("BHRG") and (4) Berkshire Hathaway Direct Insurance Group.
GEICO Corporation
GEICO Corporation through its affiliates ("GEICO") provides private passenger auto insurance to customers in 48 states and the District of Columbia. GEICO policies are marketed mainly through direct response methods, in which insureds apply directly to the company for insurance coverage over the telephone, through the mail or via the Internet. This is a significant element in GEICO’s strategy to be a low cost insurer and, yet, provide high value to policyholders.
GEICO’s pre-tax underwriting results for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are summarized in the table below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Premiums earned |
$1,308 |
$1,101 |
Losses and loss expenses |
1,131 |
895 |
Underwriting expenses |
263 |
206 |
Net underwriting gain (loss) |
$ (86) |
$ -0- |
==== | ==== |
Premiums earned in the first quarter of 2000 were $1,308 million, an increase of 18.8% over premiums earned in 1999. The increase in premiums in 2000 primarily reflects a 20.5% increase in voluntary auto policies in-force, slightly offset by the effects of modest rate reductions taken in 1999 in certain jurisdictions. Over the past twelve months, preferred auto policies in force grew 16.2% and standard and non-standard policies in-force grew 38.9%. In-force policy growth is largely attributed to ongoing marketing efforts and competitive premium rates. Growth in policies in-force is expected to continue to be strong during the remainder of the year. However, it is anticipated that the rate of growth will decline modestly.
Losses and loss adjustment expenses incurred during the first quarter of 2000 exceeded amounts incurred during the first quarter of 1999 by 26.4%. The loss ratio, which measures the portion of premiums earned that is paid or reserved for claims and claim handling expenses, was 86.5% in the first quarter of 2000 compared to 81.3% a year ago. The loss ratio for 2000 reflects higher frequency and severity of auto physical damage and personal injury protection losses. The increases in frequency and severity of such losses were greater than anticipated and contributed, in large part, to the level of net underwriting losses incurred. In addition, losses incurred from catastrophe events added 1.3 percentage points to the 2000 loss ratio and 0.3 percentage points to the 1999 ratio.
Underwriting expenses incurred in the first quarter of 2000 exceeded 1999 by 27.7%. The ratio of underwriting expenses to premiums earned was 20.1% in the first quarter of 2000 compared to 18.7% in the prior year. These increases reflect additional advertising and costs related to new business growth.
In response to increased losses in 2000, discussed above, GEICO initiated steps to increase premium rates in certain states and expects to file for additional rate increases in many other states over the remainder of 2000. However, it takes six to twelve months for the full effect of a rate increase to be reflected in premiums earned. GEICO expects to continue to incur high levels of marketing costs over the remainder of 2000 in order to generate additional policy growth. However, higher advertising costs and lower closure rates are expected to produce higher unit costs of acquiring new business. Consequently, ongoing underwriting losses are anticipated throughout 2000.
General Re
General Re and its affiliates conduct a global reinsurance business with operations in the United States and 125 other countries around the world. General Re’s principal reinsurance operations are: (1) North American property/casualty, (2) International property/casualty, and (3) Global life/health. The international property/casualty operations are conducted primarily through Germany-based Cologne Re and its subsidiaries. At March 31, 2000, General Re held an 88% economic ownership interest in Cologne Re.
General Re’s consolidated premiums earned during the first quarter totaled $1,680 million in 2000 and $1,551 million in 1999. General Re produced a consolidated net underwriting loss for the first quarter of 2000 of $273 million compared to a consolidated net underwriting loss of $136 million in 1999. Current underwriting conditions in the reinsurance industry are generally difficult. General Re’s overall underwriting results during the first quarter of 2000 were unsatisfactory and reflected the effects of inadequate rates charged in recent years, as well as higher international catastrophe and large property losses. General and Cologne Re management is addressing these matters with the objective of returning underwriting results to more profitable levels. However, due to the inherent time lag between when pricing decisions are made and when the effects of such decisions are evident in the financial statements, underwriting results are likely to remain unsatisfactory during the remainder of 2000.
Results by General Re business segment follow.
North American property/casualty
General Re’s North American property/casualty pre-tax underwriting results for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Premiums earned |
$669 |
$632 |
Losses and loss expenses |
570 |
407 |
Underwriting expenses |
186 |
254 |
Net underwriting loss |
$ (87) |
$ (29) |
==== | ==== |
North American property/casualty operations underwrite predominantly excess reinsurance across multiple lines of business. For the first three months of 2000, North American property/casualty earned premiums grew 5.9%. The most significant increases occurred in the national and regional multi-line segments as well as in the excess, surplus and individual risk businesses. These increases were partially offset by decreases in the health care and small multi-line segments.
First quarter 2000 North American property/casualty underwriting results deteriorated from first quarter 1999. Underwriting results for the first three months of 2000 included significantly less favorable development on loss reserves established for previous years’ casualty claims than in 1999. First quarter 2000 current accident year results, while unsatisfactory, improved over current accident year results for the first quarter of 1999. This improvement resulted primarily from lower catastrophe and other large property losses incurred during the quarter. Losses arising from catastrophic events and other large property losses added 9.4% points to the loss and loss expense ratio for the first three months of 2000 as compared to 11.7% points for the same period of 1999.
International property/casualty
General Re’s International property/casualty pre-tax underwriting results for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Premiums earned |
$ 611 |
$543 |
Losses and loss expenses |
562 |
425 |
Underwriting expenses |
215 |
175 |
Net underwriting loss |
$(166) |
$ (57) |
==== | ==== |
The international property/casualty operations write quota-share and excess reinsurance on risks around the world. First quarter 2000 international property/casualty earned premiums grew 12.5%. Before adjusting for the adverse impact of foreign exchange rate changes during the first quarter, earned premiums grew 23.9% in local currencies. The growth in earned premiums was primarily attributed to premiums due from cedants to reinstate coverage as a result of the fourth quarter 1999 European winter storm losses and growth in both proportional and non-proportional casualty businesses at Cologne Re. Three new contracts involving proportional motor business in Argentina and business generated by DP Mann also contributed to the growth in earned premiums for the first quarter of 2000.
Underwriting results of the international property/casualty segment for the first three months of 2000 were very poor. The loss and loss expense ratio for the first three months of 2000 was 92.0% compared to 78.3% for the comparable period in 1999. The increase in the loss ratio during the first quarter of 2000 was due to adverse development on the fourth quarter 1999 European winter storm losses and non-proportional casualty business in Australia, higher frequency of large property losses and continued inadequate premium rates in international property/casualty markets. Losses arising from catastrophic events and other large property losses, including the aforementioned adverse development, added 13.3% points to the loss and loss expense ratio for the first three months of 2000 as compared to 6.6% points for the same period of 1999.
Global life/health
General Re’s Global life/health pre-tax underwriting results for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are shown below. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Premiums earned |
$400 |
$376 |
Losses and loss expenses |
320 |
331 |
Underwriting expenses |
100 |
95 |
Net underwriting loss |
$ (20) |
$ (50) |
==== | ==== |
The global life/health operations reinsure such risks worldwide. First quarter 2000 global life/health earned premiums grew 6.4%. The growth in premiums earned was primarily due to premium growth in U.S. and Asian life businesses and increased health business in France and South Africa. The net underwriting results for the first three months of 2000 and 1999 were unsatisfactory primarily due to losses in the U.S. group health business.
Berkshire Hathaway Reinsurance Group
Premiums earned in the first quarter were $164 million in 2000 and $367 million in 1999. In the first quarter of 1999, BHRG earned $284 million from a single retroactive reinsurance contract. There were no premiums earned in 2000 from retroactive contracts. Otherwise, premiums earned from catastrophe contracts increased in 2000, partially offset by a decline in other non-catastrophe excess reinsurance premiums.
Berkshire’s catastrophe reinsurance business produced first quarter net underwriting gains of $23 million in 2000 and $13 million in 1999. The increased premiums earned in 2000 from catastrophe policies were largely offset by larger catastrophe losses incurred and higher underwriting expenses, primarily related to policies that provided for refunds to policyholders based upon favorable loss experience.
Net underwriting losses attributed to retroactive reinsurance and structured settlement contracts were $41 million in 2000 and $18 million in 1999. These losses reflect the recurring recognition of time-value-of-money concepts, the amortization of deferred charges and accretion of discounted structured settlement liabilities. The increased amortization and accretion charges in 2000 are attributed to several large retroactive contracts which were written in 1999. Amortization and accretion charges over the remainder of 2000 are expected to increase considerably over the corresponding charges in 1999 periods.
Other reinsurance assumed business produced net underwriting gains of $50 million in 2000 compared to $12 million in 1999. The increase in underwriting gains in 2000 is due primarily to gains associated with the commutation of certain non-catastrophe contracts during the first quarter of 2000.
Insurance Segments - Investment Income
After-tax net investment income produced by Berkshire’s insurance and reinsurance businesses for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 is summarized in the table below. Dollars are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|
Net investment income before taxes and minority interests |
$651 |
$600 |
Taxes and minority interests |
199 |
173 |
Net investment income |
$452 |
$427 |
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Pre-tax net investment income generated by Berkshire’s insurance and reinsurance operations during the first quarter of 2000 exceeded investment income in 1999 by 8.5%. The increase is primarily attributed to increased levels of taxable interest income, partially offset by lower amounts of tax-exempt income.
Berkshire’s insurance and reinsurance businesses produce considerable amounts of investment income derived from shareholder capital as well as large amounts of policyholder float. "Float" represents an estimate of the net balance of funds currently available for investment, which are held by Berkshire but do not belong to the Company. As of March 31,2000, consolidated float totaled approximately $25.4 billion, up approximately $92 million from year-end 1999. The annualized cost of "float" during the first quarter of 2000 was 5.2%, down slightly from 1999’s full year cost of 5.8%. Absent a mega-catastrophe, it is anticipated that the cost will decline further during the remainder of the year.
Income taxes and minority interests as percentages of pre-tax investment income were 30.6% for the first quarter of 2000 and 28.8% for the first quarter of 1999. During 2000, the insurance group earned relatively higher amounts of taxable interest in relation to tax-favored dividends and tax-exempt interest income.
Non-Insurance Business Segments
Results of operations of Berkshire's diverse non-insurance business segments for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999 are shown in the following table. Dollar amounts are in millions.
2000 |
1999 |
|||
Amount |
% |
Amount |
% |
|
Revenues |
$1,545 |
100.0 |
$1,289 |
100.0 |
Costs and expenses |
1,415 |
91.6 |
1,151 |
89.3 |
Earnings before income taxes and minority interest |
130 |
8.4 |
138 |
10.7 |
Applicable income taxes and minority interest |
51 |
3.3 |
54 |
4.2 |
Net earnings |
$ 79 |
5.1 |
$ 84 |
6.5 |
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Revenues from these several and diverse business activities during 2000's first quarter were greater by $256 million (19.9%) than revenues during the corresponding 1999 periods. Significant increases arose in the Furniture segment and the Flight Services segment. Furniture segment revenues for the first quarter of 2000 include revenues from Jordan’s Furniture (acquired in November 1999) and CORT Business Services (acquired in February 2000).
Net earnings of these businesses in the first quarter of 2000 declined slightly from the first quarter of 1999. Increased earnings in the Flight Services and Furniture segments were more than offset by a decline in the earnings of Dairy Queen and See’s. Dairy Queen’s first quarter 2000 results include non-recurring pre-tax charges of approximately $27 million associated with estimated costs to be incurred in connection with the settlement of litigation (that pre-dated Berkshire’s acquisition of Dairy Queen) by certain franchisees and provisions for losses in connection with the bankruptcy of a major supplier. See’s earnings were lower due to the timing of Easter.
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting-adjustments
Goodwill amortization and other purchase-accounting-adjustments reflect the after-tax effect on net earnings with respect to the amortization of goodwill of acquired businesses and the amortization of fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities which were recorded at the acquisition dates of certain businesses (principally General Re and GEICO).
Other purchase accounting adjustments pertain primarily to the amortization of the excess of market value over historical cost of General Re’s fixed maturity investments that existed at the date of the merger. Such excess is included in Berkshire’s cost of the investments and is being amortized over the remaining lives of the investments. The unamortized excess remaining in the cost of fixed maturity investments totaled $870 million at March 31, 2000.
Other
Other activities not identified with business segments include a number of finance businesses conducted through several subsidiaries. Pre-tax income from finance and financial products businesses was $282 million in 2000 versus $59 million in 1999. The increased income of these businesses during 2000 as compared to 1999 was primarily attributed to net realized and unrealized gains of investments classified as held for trading purposes. The net realized and unrealized gains of these securities are included as a component of Income from finance and financial products businesses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Accordingly, the level of income earned in a given period is subject to considerable volatility.
Realized Investment Gain/Loss
Realized investment gain/loss has been a recurring element in Berkshire's net earnings for many years. Such amounts — recorded (1) when investments are sold; (2) other than temporarily impaired; and (3) in certain situations, as provided under GAAP, when investments are marked-to-market with a corresponding gain or loss included in earnings — may fluctuate significantly from period to period, resulting in a meaningful effect on reported net earnings. The Consolidated Statements of Earnings include after-tax realized investment gains of $453 million and $247 million for the first quarter of 2000 and 1999, respectively.
Financial Condition
Berkshire's balance sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and above average capital strength. Shareholders' equity at March 31, 2000, was $56.3 billion, or $37,013 per equivalent share of Class A Common Stock.
Forward-Looking Statements
Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this document as well as some statements in periodic press releases and some oral statements of Berkshire officials during presentations about Berkshire, are "forward-looking" statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the "Act"). Forward-looking statements include statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, which include words such as "expects", "anticipates", "intends", "plans", "believes", "estimates", or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects, and possible future Berkshire actions, which may be provided by management are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about Berkshire, economic and market factors and the industries in which Berkshire does business, among other things. These statements are not guaranties of future performance and Berkshire has no specific intention to update these statements.
Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal important risk factors that could cause Berkshire’s actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements, include, but are not limited to, changes in market prices of Berkshire's significant equity investees, the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events, such as an earthquake or hurricane that causes losses insured by Berkshire's insurance subsidiaries, changes in insurance laws or regulations, changes in Federal income tax laws, and changes in general economic and market factors that affect the prices of securities or the industries in which Berkshire and its affiliates do business, especially those affecting the property and casualty insurance industry.
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